harmony 鸿蒙UIAbility Overview

2023-02-03
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UIAbility Overview

Overview

UIAbility is a type of application component that provides the UI for user interactions.

The following design philosophy is behind UIAbility:

Support for cross-device migration and multi-device collaboration at the application component level
Support for multiple device types and window modes

UIAbility is the basic unit of scheduling in OpenHarmony and provides a window for applications to draw the UI. An application can contain one or more UIAbility components. For example, for a payment application, you can use separate UIAbility components to carry the entry and payment functionalities.

Each UIAbility component instance is displayed as a mission in the system application Recents.

You can develop a single UIAbility or multiple UIAbilities for your application based on service requirements.

If you want your application to be displayed as one mission in Recents, use the pattern of “one UIAbility + multiple pages” to avoid unnecessary resource loading.
If you want your application to be displayed as multiple missions in Recents or to have multiple windows opened simultaneously, use multiple UIAbilities to implement different features.

For example, if you develop the message list and the audio/video call of an instant messaging application using different UIAbilities, users can easily switch from one window to another or display both windows in split-screen mode on the same screen.

NOTE

Recents is used for quickly viewing and managing all missions or applications running on the current device.

Declaration Configuration

To enable an application to properly use a UIAbility component, declare the UIAbility name, entry, and label under abilities in the module.json5 file.

{
  "module": {
    // ...
    "abilities": [
      {
        "name": "EntryAbility", // Name of the UIAbility component.
        "srcEntry": "./ets/entryability/EntryAbility.ets", // Code path of the UIAbility component.
        "description": "$string:EntryAbility_desc", // Description of the UIAbility component.
        "icon": "$media:icon", // Icon of the UIAbility component.
        "label": "$string:EntryAbility_label", // Label of the UIAbility component.
        "startWindowIcon": "$media:icon", // Index of the icon resource file.
        "startWindowBackground": "$color:start_window_background", // Index of the background color resource file.
        // ...
      }
    ]
  }
}