greenplumn pathnode 源码
greenplumn pathnode 代码
文件路径：/src/backend/optimizer/util/pathnode.c
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* pathnode.c
* Routines to manipulate pathlists and create path nodes
*
* Portions Copyright (c) 2005-2008, Greenplum inc
* Portions Copyright (c) 2012-Present VMware, Inc. or its affiliates.
* Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2019, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
*
*
* IDENTIFICATION
* src/backend/optimizer/util/pathnode.c
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
#include "postgres.h"
#include <math.h>
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "foreign/fdwapi.h"
#include "nodes/extensible.h"
#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
#include "optimizer/appendinfo.h"
#include "optimizer/clauses.h"
#include "optimizer/cost.h"
#include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
#include "optimizer/pathnode.h"
#include "optimizer/paths.h"
#include "optimizer/planmain.h"
#include "optimizer/prep.h"
#include "optimizer/restrictinfo.h"
#include "optimizer/tlist.h"
#include "parser/parsetree.h"
#include "utils/lsyscache.h"
#include "utils/memutils.h"
#include "utils/selfuncs.h"
#include "optimizer/tlist.h"
#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_proc.h"
#include "cdb/cdbhash.h" /* cdb_default_distribution_opfamily_for_type() */
#include "cdb/cdbmutate.h"
#include "cdb/cdbpath.h" /* cdb_create_motion_path() etc */
#include "cdb/cdbpathlocus.h"
#include "cdb/cdbutil.h" /* getgpsegmentCount() */
#include "cdb/cdbvars.h"
#include "executor/nodeHash.h"
#include "utils/guc.h"
typedef enum
{
COSTS_EQUAL, /* path costs are fuzzily equal */
COSTS_BETTER1, /* first path is cheaper than second */
COSTS_BETTER2, /* second path is cheaper than first */
COSTS_DIFFERENT /* neither path dominates the other on cost */
} PathCostComparison;
/*
* STD_FUZZ_FACTOR is the normal fuzz factor for compare_path_costs_fuzzily.
* XXX is it worth making this user-controllable? It provides a tradeoff
* between planner runtime and the accuracy of path cost comparisons.
*/
#define STD_FUZZ_FACTOR 1.01
static List *translate_sub_tlist(List *tlist, int relid);
static int append_total_cost_compare(const void *a, const void *b);
static int append_startup_cost_compare(const void *a, const void *b);
static List *reparameterize_pathlist_by_child(PlannerInfo *root,
List *pathlist,
RelOptInfo *child_rel);
static void set_append_path_locus(PlannerInfo *root, Path *pathnode, RelOptInfo *rel,
List *pathkeys);
static CdbPathLocus
adjust_modifytable_subpaths(PlannerInfo *root, CmdType operation,
List *resultRelations, List *subpaths,
List *is_split_updates);
/*****************************************************************************
* MISC. PATH UTILITIES
*****************************************************************************/
/*
* compare_path_costs
* Return -1, 0, or +1 according as path1 is cheaper, the same cost,
* or more expensive than path2 for the specified criterion.
*/
int
compare_path_costs(Path *path1, Path *path2, CostSelector criterion)
{
if (criterion == STARTUP_COST)
{
if (path1->startup_cost < path2->startup_cost)
return -1;
if (path1->startup_cost > path2->startup_cost)
return +1;
/*
* If paths have the same startup cost (not at all unlikely), order
* them by total cost.
*/
if (path1->total_cost < path2->total_cost)
return -1;
if (path1->total_cost > path2->total_cost)
return +1;
}
else
{
if (path1->total_cost < path2->total_cost)
return -1;
if (path1->total_cost > path2->total_cost)
return +1;
/*
* If paths have the same total cost, order them by startup cost.
*/
if (path1->startup_cost < path2->startup_cost)
return -1;
if (path1->startup_cost > path2->startup_cost)
return +1;
}
return 0;
}
/*
* compare_path_fractional_costs
* Return -1, 0, or +1 according as path1 is cheaper, the same cost,
* or more expensive than path2 for fetching the specified fraction
* of the total tuples.
*
* If fraction is <= 0 or > 1, we interpret it as 1, ie, we select the
* path with the cheaper total_cost.
*/
int
compare_fractional_path_costs(Path *path1, Path *path2,
double fraction)
{
Cost cost1,
cost2;
if (fraction <= 0.0 || fraction >= 1.0)
return compare_path_costs(path1, path2, TOTAL_COST);
cost1 = path1->startup_cost +
fraction * (path1->total_cost - path1->startup_cost);
cost2 = path2->startup_cost +
fraction * (path2->total_cost - path2->startup_cost);
if (cost1 < cost2)
return -1;
if (cost1 > cost2)
return +1;
return 0;
}
/*
* compare_path_costs_fuzzily
* Compare the costs of two paths to see if either can be said to
* dominate the other.
*
* We use fuzzy comparisons so that add_path() can avoid keeping both of
* a pair of paths that really have insignificantly different cost.
*
* The fuzz_factor argument must be 1.0 plus delta, where delta is the
* fraction of the smaller cost that is considered to be a significant
* difference. For example, fuzz_factor = 1.01 makes the fuzziness limit
* be 1% of the smaller cost.
*
* The two paths are said to have "equal" costs if both startup and total
* costs are fuzzily the same. Path1 is said to be better than path2 if
* it has fuzzily better startup cost and fuzzily no worse total cost,
* or if it has fuzzily better total cost and fuzzily no worse startup cost.
* Path2 is better than path1 if the reverse holds. Finally, if one path
* is fuzzily better than the other on startup cost and fuzzily worse on
* total cost, we just say that their costs are "different", since neither
* dominates the other across the whole performance spectrum.
*
* This function also enforces a policy rule that paths for which the relevant
* one of parent->consider_startup and parent->consider_param_startup is false
* cannot survive comparisons solely on the grounds of good startup cost, so
* we never return COSTS_DIFFERENT when that is true for the total-cost loser.
* (But if total costs are fuzzily equal, we compare startup costs anyway,
* in hopes of eliminating one path or the other.)
*/
static PathCostComparison
compare_path_costs_fuzzily(Path *path1, Path *path2, double fuzz_factor)
{
#define CONSIDER_PATH_STARTUP_COST(p) \
((p)->param_info == NULL ? (p)->parent->consider_startup : (p)->parent->consider_param_startup)
/*
* Check total cost first since it's more likely to be different; many
* paths have zero startup cost.
*/
if (path1->total_cost > path2->total_cost * fuzz_factor)
{
/* path1 fuzzily worse on total cost */
if (CONSIDER_PATH_STARTUP_COST(path1) &&
path2->startup_cost > path1->startup_cost * fuzz_factor)
{
/* ... but path2 fuzzily worse on startup, so DIFFERENT */
return COSTS_DIFFERENT;
}
/* else path2 dominates */
return COSTS_BETTER2;
}
if (path2->total_cost > path1->total_cost * fuzz_factor)
{
/* path2 fuzzily worse on total cost */
if (CONSIDER_PATH_STARTUP_COST(path2) &&
path1->startup_cost > path2->startup_cost * fuzz_factor)
{
/* ... but path1 fuzzily worse on startup, so DIFFERENT */
return COSTS_DIFFERENT;
}
/* else path1 dominates */
return COSTS_BETTER1;
}
/* fuzzily the same on total cost ... */
if (path1->startup_cost > path2->startup_cost * fuzz_factor)
{
/* ... but path1 fuzzily worse on startup, so path2 wins */
return COSTS_BETTER2;
}
if (path2->startup_cost > path1->startup_cost * fuzz_factor)
{
/* ... but path2 fuzzily worse on startup, so path1 wins */
return COSTS_BETTER1;
}
/* fuzzily the same on both costs */
return COSTS_EQUAL;
#undef CONSIDER_PATH_STARTUP_COST
}
/*
* set_cheapest
* Find the minimum-cost paths from among a relation's paths,
* and save them in the rel's cheapest-path fields.
*
* cheapest_total_path is normally the cheapest-total-cost unparameterized
* path; but if there are no unparameterized paths, we assign it to be the
* best (cheapest least-parameterized) parameterized path. However, only
* unparameterized paths are considered candidates for cheapest_startup_path,
* so that will be NULL if there are no unparameterized paths.
*
* The cheapest_parameterized_paths list collects all parameterized paths
* that have survived the add_path() tournament for this relation. (Since
* add_path ignores pathkeys for a parameterized path, these will be paths
* that have best cost or best row count for their parameterization. We
* may also have both a parallel-safe and a non-parallel-safe path in some
* cases for the same parameterization in some cases, but this should be
* relatively rare since, most typically, all paths for the same relation
* will be parallel-safe or none of them will.)
*
* cheapest_parameterized_paths always includes the cheapest-total
* unparameterized path, too, if there is one; the users of that list find
* it more convenient if that's included.
*
* This is normally called only after we've finished constructing the path
* list for the rel node.
*/
void
set_cheapest(RelOptInfo *parent_rel)
{
Path *cheapest_startup_path;
Path *cheapest_total_path;
Path *best_param_path;
List *parameterized_paths;
ListCell *p;
Assert(IsA(parent_rel, RelOptInfo));
if (parent_rel->pathlist == NIL)
elog(ERROR, "could not devise a query plan for the given query");
cheapest_startup_path = cheapest_total_path = best_param_path = NULL;
parameterized_paths = NIL;
foreach(p, parent_rel->pathlist)
{
Path *path = (Path *) lfirst(p);
int cmp;
if (path->param_info)
{
/* Parameterized path, so add it to parameterized_paths */
parameterized_paths = lappend(parameterized_paths, path);
/*
* If we have an unparameterized cheapest-total, we no longer care
* about finding the best parameterized path, so move on.
*/
if (cheapest_total_path)
continue;
/*
* Otherwise, track the best parameterized path, which is the one
* with least total cost among those of the minimum
* parameterization.
*/
if (best_param_path == NULL)
best_param_path = path;
else
{
switch (bms_subset_compare(PATH_REQ_OUTER(path),
PATH_REQ_OUTER(best_param_path)))
{
case BMS_EQUAL:
/* keep the cheaper one */
if (compare_path_costs(path, best_param_path,
TOTAL_COST) < 0)
best_param_path = path;
break;
case BMS_SUBSET1:
/* new path is less-parameterized */
best_param_path = path;
break;
case BMS_SUBSET2:
/* old path is less-parameterized, keep it */
break;
case BMS_DIFFERENT:
/*
* This means that neither path has the least possible
* parameterization for the rel. We'll sit on the old
* path until something better comes along.
*/
break;
}
}
}
else
{
/* Unparameterized path, so consider it for cheapest slots */
if (cheapest_total_path == NULL)
{
cheapest_startup_path = cheapest_total_path = path;
continue;
}
/*
* If we find two paths of identical costs, try to keep the
* better-sorted one. The paths might have unrelated sort
* orderings, in which case we can only guess which might be
* better to keep, but if one is superior then we definitely
* should keep that one.
*/
cmp = compare_path_costs(cheapest_startup_path, path, STARTUP_COST);
if (cmp > 0 ||
(cmp == 0 &&
compare_pathkeys(cheapest_startup_path->pathkeys,
path->pathkeys) == PATHKEYS_BETTER2))
cheapest_startup_path = path;
cmp = compare_path_costs(cheapest_total_path, path, TOTAL_COST);
if (cmp > 0 ||
(cmp == 0 &&
compare_pathkeys(cheapest_total_path->pathkeys,
path->pathkeys) == PATHKEYS_BETTER2))
cheapest_total_path = path;
}
}
/* Add cheapest unparameterized path, if any, to parameterized_paths */
if (cheapest_total_path)
parameterized_paths = lcons(cheapest_total_path, parameterized_paths);
/*
* If there is no unparameterized path, use the best parameterized path as
* cheapest_total_path (but not as cheapest_startup_path).
*/
if (cheapest_total_path == NULL)
cheapest_total_path = best_param_path;
Assert(cheapest_total_path != NULL);
parent_rel->cheapest_startup_path = cheapest_startup_path;
parent_rel->cheapest_total_path = cheapest_total_path;
parent_rel->cheapest_unique_path = NULL; /* computed only if needed */
parent_rel->cheapest_parameterized_paths = parameterized_paths;
}
/*
* add_path
* Consider a potential implementation path for the specified parent rel,
* and add it to the rel's pathlist if it is worthy of consideration.
* A path is worthy if it has a better sort order (better pathkeys) or
* cheaper cost (on either dimension), or generates fewer rows, than any
* existing path that has the same or superset parameterization rels.
* We also consider parallel-safe paths more worthy than others.
*
* We also remove from the rel's pathlist any old paths that are dominated
* by new_path --- that is, new_path is cheaper, at least as well ordered,
* generates no more rows, requires no outer rels not required by the old
* path, and is no less parallel-safe.
*
* In most cases, a path with a superset parameterization will generate
* fewer rows (since it has more join clauses to apply), so that those two
* figures of merit move in opposite directions; this means that a path of
* one parameterization can seldom dominate a path of another. But such
* cases do arise, so we make the full set of checks anyway.
*
* There are two policy decisions embedded in this function, along with
* its sibling add_path_precheck. First, we treat all parameterized paths
* as having NIL pathkeys, so that they cannot win comparisons on the
* basis of sort order. This is to reduce the number of parameterized
* paths that are kept; see discussion in src/backend/optimizer/README.
*
* Second, we only consider cheap startup cost to be interesting if
* parent_rel->consider_startup is true for an unparameterized path, or
* parent_rel->consider_param_startup is true for a parameterized one.
* Again, this allows discarding useless paths sooner.
*
* The pathlist is kept sorted by total_cost, with cheaper paths
* at the front. Within this routine, that's simply a speed hack:
* doing it that way makes it more likely that we will reject an inferior
* path after a few comparisons, rather than many comparisons.
* However, add_path_precheck relies on this ordering to exit early
* when possible.
*
* NOTE: discarded Path objects are immediately pfree'd to reduce planner
* memory consumption. We dare not try to free the substructure of a Path,
* since much of it may be shared with other Paths or the query tree itself;
* but just recycling discarded Path nodes is a very useful savings in
* a large join tree. We can recycle the List nodes of pathlist, too.
*
* NB: The Path that is passed to add_path() must be considered invalid
* upon return, and not touched again by the caller, because we free it
* if we already know of a better path. Likewise, a Path that is passed
* to add_path() must not be shared as a subpath of any other Path of the
* same join level.
*
* As noted in optimizer/README, deleting a previously-accepted Path is
* safe because we know that Paths of this rel cannot yet be referenced
* from any other rel, such as a higher-level join. However, in some cases
* it is possible that a Path is referenced by another Path for its own
* rel; we must not delete such a Path, even if it is dominated by the new
* Path. Currently this occurs only for IndexPath objects, which may be
* referenced as children of BitmapHeapPaths as well as being paths in
* their own right. Hence, we don't pfree IndexPaths when rejecting them.
*
* 'parent_rel' is the relation entry to which the path corresponds.
* 'new_path' is a potential path for parent_rel.
*
* Returns nothing, but modifies parent_rel->pathlist.
*/
void
add_path(RelOptInfo *parent_rel, Path *new_path)
{
bool accept_new = true; /* unless we find a superior old path */
ListCell *insert_after = NULL; /* where to insert new item */
List *new_path_pathkeys;
ListCell *p1;
ListCell *p1_prev;
ListCell *p1_next;
/*
* This is a convenient place to check for query cancel --- no part of the
* planner goes very long without calling add_path().
*/
CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
if (!new_path)
return;
/*
* GPDB: Check that the correct locus has been determined for the Path.
* This can easily be missing from upstream code that construct Paths
* that haven't been modified in GPDB to set the locus correctly.
*/
if (!CdbLocusType_IsValid(new_path->locus.locustype))
elog(ERROR, "path of type %u is missing distribution locus", new_path->pathtype);
Assert(cdbpathlocus_is_valid(new_path->locus));
/* Pretend parameterized paths have no pathkeys, per comment above */
new_path_pathkeys = new_path->param_info ? NIL : new_path->pathkeys;
/*
* Loop to check proposed new path against old paths. Note it is possible
* for more than one old path to be tossed out because new_path dominates
* it.
*
* We can't use foreach here because the loop body may delete the current
* list cell.
*/
p1_prev = NULL;
for (p1 = list_head(parent_rel->pathlist); p1 != NULL; p1 = p1_next)
{
Path *old_path = (Path *) lfirst(p1);
bool remove_old = false; /* unless new proves superior */
PathCostComparison costcmp;
PathKeysComparison keyscmp;
BMS_Comparison outercmp;
p1_next = lnext(p1);
/*
* Do a fuzzy cost comparison with standard fuzziness limit.
*/
costcmp = compare_path_costs_fuzzily(new_path, old_path,
STD_FUZZ_FACTOR);
/*
* If the two paths compare differently for startup and total cost,
* then we want to keep both, and we can skip comparing pathkeys and
* required_outer rels. If they compare the same, proceed with the
* other comparisons. Row count is checked last. (We make the tests
* in this order because the cost comparison is most likely to turn
* out "different", and the pathkeys comparison next most likely. As
* explained above, row count very seldom makes a difference, so even
* though it's cheap to compare there's not much point in checking it
* earlier.)
*/
if (costcmp != COSTS_DIFFERENT)
{
/* Similarly check to see if either dominates on pathkeys */
List *old_path_pathkeys;
old_path_pathkeys = old_path->param_info ? NIL : old_path->pathkeys;
keyscmp = compare_pathkeys(new_path_pathkeys,
old_path_pathkeys);
/*
* GPDB: If the new path has different locus than the other path,
* keep it, like we keep paths with different pathkeys. We can
* avoid the (Gather) Motion at the top of the plan, if we choose
* a plan that produces the result at the right locus to begin
* with. In particular, if it's a two-stage aggregate plan, it might
* be cheaper to perform the Finalize Aggregate stage in the QD than
* redistribute it to all segments, if that avoids a Gather Motion
* at the top.
*
* Only do this for the "upper rels". The join planning code hasn't
* been updated to consider plans with multiple loci. Keeping extra
* paths might be a win, but it might also lead to erratic behavior.
* For example, a Hash Join only considers the cheapest input paths,
* but a Merge Join would consider all paths with sorted input. A
* path with a suitable locus migh therefore win with a Merge Join
* but not even be considered a Hash Join, even though the Hash Join
* path would be cheaper.
*
* Parts of the upper planner functions could have similar issues,
* but it seems more limited in scope.
*/
if (keyscmp != PATHKEYS_DIFFERENT &&
parent_rel->reloptkind == RELOPT_UPPER_REL &&
!cdbpathlocus_equal(new_path->locus, old_path->locus))
{
keyscmp = PATHKEYS_DIFFERENT;
}
if (keyscmp != PATHKEYS_DIFFERENT)
{
switch (costcmp)
{
case COSTS_EQUAL:
outercmp = bms_subset_compare(PATH_REQ_OUTER(new_path),
PATH_REQ_OUTER(old_path));
if (keyscmp == PATHKEYS_BETTER1)
{
if ((outercmp == BMS_EQUAL ||
outercmp == BMS_SUBSET1) &&
new_path->rows <= old_path->rows &&
new_path->parallel_safe >= old_path->parallel_safe)
remove_old = true; /* new dominates old */
}
else if (keyscmp == PATHKEYS_BETTER2)
{
if ((outercmp == BMS_EQUAL ||
outercmp == BMS_SUBSET2) &&
new_path->rows >= old_path->rows &&
new_path->parallel_safe <= old_path->parallel_safe)
accept_new = false; /* old dominates new */
}
else /* keyscmp == PATHKEYS_EQUAL */
{
if (outercmp == BMS_EQUAL)
{
/*
* Same pathkeys and outer rels, and fuzzily
* the same cost, so keep just one; to decide
* which, first check parallel-safety, then
* rows, then do a fuzzy cost comparison with
* very small fuzz limit. (We used to do an
* exact cost comparison, but that results in
* annoying platform-specific plan variations
* due to roundoff in the cost estimates.) If
* things are still tied, arbitrarily keep
* only the old path. Notice that we will
* keep only the old path even if the
* less-fuzzy comparison decides the startup
* and total costs compare differently.
*/
if (new_path->parallel_safe >
old_path->parallel_safe)
remove_old = true; /* new dominates old */
else if (new_path->parallel_safe <
old_path->parallel_safe)
accept_new = false; /* old dominates new */
else if (new_path->rows < old_path->rows)
remove_old = true; /* new dominates old */
else if (new_path->rows > old_path->rows)
accept_new = false; /* old dominates new */
else if (compare_path_costs_fuzzily(new_path,
old_path,
1.0000000001) == COSTS_BETTER1)
remove_old = true; /* new dominates old */
else
accept_new = false; /* old equals or
* dominates new */
}
else if (outercmp == BMS_SUBSET1 &&
new_path->rows <= old_path->rows &&
new_path->parallel_safe >= old_path->parallel_safe)
remove_old = true; /* new dominates old */
else if (outercmp == BMS_SUBSET2 &&
new_path->rows >= old_path->rows &&
new_path->parallel_safe <= old_path->parallel_safe)
accept_new = false; /* old dominates new */
/* else different parameterizations, keep both */
}
break;
case COSTS_BETTER1:
if (keyscmp != PATHKEYS_BETTER2)
{
outercmp = bms_subset_compare(PATH_REQ_OUTER(new_path),
PATH_REQ_OUTER(old_path));
if ((outercmp == BMS_EQUAL ||
outercmp == BMS_SUBSET1) &&
new_path->rows <= old_path->rows &&
new_path->parallel_safe >= old_path->parallel_safe)
remove_old = true; /* new dominates old */
}
break;
case COSTS_BETTER2:
if (keyscmp != PATHKEYS_BETTER1)
{
outercmp = bms_subset_compare(PATH_REQ_OUTER(new_path),
PATH_REQ_OUTER(old_path));
if ((outercmp == BMS_EQUAL ||
outercmp == BMS_SUBSET2) &&
new_path->rows >= old_path->rows &&
new_path->parallel_safe <= old_path->parallel_safe)
accept_new = false; /* old dominates new */
}
break;
case COSTS_DIFFERENT:
/*
* can't get here, but keep this case to keep compiler
* quiet
*/
break;
}
}
}
/*
* Remove current element from pathlist if dominated by new.
*/
if (remove_old)
{
parent_rel->pathlist = list_delete_cell(parent_rel->pathlist,
p1, p1_prev);
/*
* Delete the data pointed-to by the deleted cell, if possible
*/
if (!IsA(old_path, IndexPath))
pfree(old_path);
/* p1_prev does not advance */
}
else
{
/* new belongs after this old path if it has cost >= old's */
if (new_path->total_cost >= old_path->total_cost)
insert_after = p1;
/* p1_prev advances */
p1_prev = p1;
}
/*
* If we found an old path that dominates new_path, we can quit
* scanning the pathlist; we will not add new_path, and we assume
* new_path cannot dominate any other elements of the pathlist.
*/
if (!accept_new)
break;
}
if (accept_new)
{
/* Accept the new path: insert it at proper place in pathlist */
if (insert_after)
lappend_cell(parent_rel->pathlist, insert_after, new_path);
else
parent_rel->pathlist = lcons(new_path, parent_rel->pathlist);
}
else
{
/* Reject and recycle the new path */
if (!IsA(new_path, IndexPath))
pfree(new_path);
}
} /* add_path */
/*
* add_path_precheck
* Check whether a proposed new path could possibly get accepted.
* We assume we know the path's pathkeys and parameterization accurately,
* and have lower bounds for its costs.
*
* Note that we do not know the path's rowcount, since getting an estimate for
* that is too expensive to do before prechecking. We assume here that paths
* of a superset parameterization will generate fewer rows; if that holds,
* then paths with different parameterizations cannot dominate each other
* and so we can simply ignore existing paths of another parameterization.
* (In the infrequent cases where that rule of thumb fails, add_path will
* get rid of the inferior path.)
*
* At the time this is called, we haven't actually built a Path structure,
* so the required information has to be passed piecemeal.
*/
bool
add_path_precheck(RelOptInfo *parent_rel,
Cost startup_cost, Cost total_cost,
List *pathkeys, Relids required_outer)
{
List *new_path_pathkeys;
bool consider_startup;
ListCell *p1;
/* Pretend parameterized paths have no pathkeys, per add_path policy */
new_path_pathkeys = required_outer ? NIL : pathkeys;
/* Decide whether new path's startup cost is interesting */
consider_startup = required_outer ? parent_rel->consider_param_startup : parent_rel->consider_startup;
foreach(p1, parent_rel->pathlist)
{
Path *old_path = (Path *) lfirst(p1);
PathKeysComparison keyscmp;
/*
* We are looking for an old_path with the same parameterization (and
* by assumption the same rowcount) that dominates the new path on
* pathkeys as well as both cost metrics. If we find one, we can
* reject the new path.
*
* Cost comparisons here should match compare_path_costs_fuzzily.
*/
if (total_cost > old_path->total_cost * STD_FUZZ_FACTOR)
{
/* new path can win on startup cost only if consider_startup */
if (startup_cost > old_path->startup_cost * STD_FUZZ_FACTOR ||
!consider_startup)
{
/* new path loses on cost, so check pathkeys... */
List *old_path_pathkeys;
old_path_pathkeys = old_path->param_info ? NIL : old_path->pathkeys;
keyscmp = compare_pathkeys(new_path_pathkeys,
old_path_pathkeys);
if (keyscmp == PATHKEYS_EQUAL ||
keyscmp == PATHKEYS_BETTER2)
{
/* new path does not win on pathkeys... */
if (bms_equal(required_outer, PATH_REQ_OUTER(old_path)))
{
/* Found an old path that dominates the new one */
return false;
}
}
}
}
else
{
/*
* Since the pathlist is sorted by total_cost, we can stop looking
* once we reach a path with a total_cost larger than the new
* path's.
*/
break;
}
}
return true;
}
/*
* add_partial_path
* Like add_path, our goal here is to consider whether a path is worthy
* of being kept around, but the considerations here are a bit different.
* A partial path is one which can be executed in any number of workers in
* parallel such that each worker will generate a subset of the path's
* overall result.
*
* As in add_path, the partial_pathlist is kept sorted with the cheapest
* total path in front. This is depended on by multiple places, which
* just take the front entry as the cheapest path without searching.
*
* We don't generate parameterized partial paths for several reasons. Most
* importantly, they're not safe to execute, because there's nothing to
* make sure that a parallel scan within the parameterized portion of the
* plan is running with the same value in every worker at the same time.
* Fortunately, it seems unlikely to be worthwhile anyway, because having
* each worker scan the entire outer relation and a subset of the inner
* relation will generally be a terrible plan. The inner (parameterized)
* side of the plan will be small anyway. There could be rare cases where
* this wins big - e.g. if join order constraints put a 1-row relation on
* the outer side of the topmost join with a parameterized plan on the inner
* side - but we'll have to be content not to handle such cases until
* somebody builds an executor infrastructure that can cope with them.
*
* Because we don't consider parameterized paths here, we also don't
* need to consider the row counts as a measure of quality: every path will
* produce the same number of rows. Neither do we need to consider startup
* costs: parallelism is only used for plans that will be run to completion.
* Therefore, this routine is much simpler than add_path: it needs to
* consider only pathkeys and total cost.
*
* As with add_path, we pfree paths that are found to be dominated by
* another partial path; this requires that there be no other references to
* such paths yet. Hence, GatherPaths must not be created for a rel until
* we're done creating all partial paths for it. Unlike add_path, we don't
* take an exception for IndexPaths as partial index paths won't be
* referenced by partial BitmapHeapPaths.
*/
void
add_partial_path(RelOptInfo *parent_rel, Path *new_path)
{
bool accept_new = true; /* unless we find a superior old path */
ListCell *insert_after = NULL; /* where to insert new item */
ListCell *p1;
ListCell *p1_prev;
ListCell *p1_next;
/* Check for query cancel. */
CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
/* Path to be added must be parallel safe. */
Assert(new_path->parallel_safe);
/* Relation should be OK for parallelism, too. */
Assert(parent_rel->consider_parallel);
/*
* As in add_path, throw out any paths which are dominated by the new
* path, but throw out the new path if some existing path dominates it.
*/
p1_prev = NULL;
for (p1 = list_head(parent_rel->partial_pathlist); p1 != NULL;
p1 = p1_next)
{
Path *old_path = (Path *) lfirst(p1);
bool remove_old = false; /* unless new proves superior */
PathKeysComparison keyscmp;
p1_next = lnext(p1);
/* Compare pathkeys. */
keyscmp = compare_pathkeys(new_path->pathkeys, old_path->pathkeys);
/* Unless pathkeys are incompable, keep just one of the two paths. */
if (keyscmp != PATHKEYS_DIFFERENT)
{
if (new_path->total_cost > old_path->total_cost * STD_FUZZ_FACTOR)
{
/* New path costs more; keep it only if pathkeys are better. */
if (keyscmp != PATHKEYS_BETTER1)
accept_new = false;
}
else if (old_path->total_cost > new_path->total_cost
* STD_FUZZ_FACTOR)
{
/* Old path costs more; keep it only if pathkeys are better. */
if (keyscmp != PATHKEYS_BETTER2)
remove_old = true;
}
else if (keyscmp == PATHKEYS_BETTER1)
{
/* Costs are about the same, new path has better pathkeys. */
remove_old = true;
}
else if (keyscmp == PATHKEYS_BETTER2)
{
/* Costs are about the same, old path has better pathkeys. */
accept_new = false;
}
else if (old_path->total_cost > new_path->total_cost * 1.0000000001)
{
/* Pathkeys are the same, and the old path costs more. */
remove_old = true;
}
else
{
/*
* Pathkeys are the same, and new path isn't materially
* cheaper.
*/
accept_new = false;
}
}
/*
* Remove current element from partial_pathlist if dominated by new.
*/
if (remove_old)
{
parent_rel->partial_pathlist =
list_delete_cell(parent_rel->partial_pathlist, p1, p1_prev);
pfree(old_path);
/* p1_prev does not advance */
}
else
{
/* new belongs after this old path if it has cost >= old's */
if (new_path->total_cost >= old_path->total_cost)
insert_after = p1;
/* p1_prev advances */
p1_prev = p1;
}
/*
* If we found an old path that dominates new_path, we can quit
* scanning the partial_pathlist; we will not add new_path, and we
* assume new_path cannot dominate any later path.
*/
if (!accept_new)
break;
}
if (accept_new)
{
/* Accept the new path: insert it at proper place */
if (insert_after)
lappend_cell(parent_rel->partial_pathlist, insert_after, new_path);
else
parent_rel->partial_pathlist =
lcons(new_path, parent_rel->partial_pathlist);
}
else
{
/* Reject and recycle the new path */
pfree(new_path);
}
}
/*
* add_partial_path_precheck
* Check whether a proposed new partial path could possibly get accepted.
*
* Unlike add_path_precheck, we can ignore startup cost and parameterization,
* since they don't matter for partial paths (see add_partial_path). But
* we do want to make sure we don't add a partial path if there's already
* a complete path that dominates it, since in that case the proposed path
* is surely a loser.
*/
bool
add_partial_path_precheck(RelOptInfo *parent_rel, Cost total_cost,
List *pathkeys)
{
ListCell *p1;
/*
* Our goal here is twofold. First, we want to find out whether this path
* is clearly inferior to some existing partial path. If so, we want to
* reject it immediately. Second, we want to find out whether this path
* is clearly superior to some existing partial path -- at least, modulo
* final cost computations. If so, we definitely want to consider it.
*
* Unlike add_path(), we always compare pathkeys here. This is because we
* expect partial_pathlist to be very short, and getting a definitive
* answer at this stage avoids the need to call add_path_precheck.
*/
foreach(p1, parent_rel->partial_pathlist)
{
Path *old_path = (Path *) lfirst(p1);
PathKeysComparison keyscmp;
keyscmp = compare_pathkeys(pathkeys, old_path->pathkeys);
if (keyscmp != PATHKEYS_DIFFERENT)
{
if (total_cost > old_path->total_cost * STD_FUZZ_FACTOR &&
keyscmp != PATHKEYS_BETTER1)
return false;
if (old_path->total_cost > total_cost * STD_FUZZ_FACTOR &&
keyscmp != PATHKEYS_BETTER2)
return true;
}
}
/*
* This path is neither clearly inferior to an existing partial path nor
* clearly good enough that it might replace one. Compare it to
* non-parallel plans. If it loses even before accounting for the cost of
* the Gather node, we should definitely reject it.
*
* Note that we pass the total_cost to add_path_precheck twice. This is
* because it's never advantageous to consider the startup cost of a
* partial path; the resulting plans, if run in parallel, will be run to
* completion.
*/
if (!add_path_precheck(parent_rel, total_cost, total_cost, pathkeys,
NULL))
return false;
return true;
}
/*****************************************************************************
* PATH NODE CREATION ROUTINES
*****************************************************************************/
/*
* create_seqscan_path
* Creates a path corresponding to a sequential scan, returning the
* pathnode.
*/
Path *
create_seqscan_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
Relids required_outer, int parallel_workers)
{
Path *pathnode = makeNode(Path);
pathnode->pathtype = T_SeqScan;
pathnode->parent = rel;
pathnode->pathtarget = rel->reltarget;
pathnode->param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
required_outer);
pathnode->parallel_aware = parallel_workers > 0 ? true : false;
pathnode->parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel;
pathnode->parallel_workers = parallel_workers;
pathnode->pathkeys = NIL; /* seqscan has unordered result */
pathnode->locus = cdbpathlocus_from_baserel(root, rel);
pathnode->motionHazard = false;
pathnode->rescannable = true;
pathnode->sameslice_relids = rel->relids;
cost_seqscan(pathnode, root, rel, pathnode->param_info);
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_samplescan_path
* Creates a path node for a sampled table scan.
*/
Path *
create_samplescan_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, Relids required_outer)
{
Path *pathnode = makeNode(Path);
pathnode->pathtype = T_SampleScan;
pathnode->parent = rel;
pathnode->pathtarget = rel->reltarget;
pathnode->param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
required_outer);
pathnode->parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel;
pathnode->parallel_workers = 0;
pathnode->pathkeys = NIL; /* samplescan has unordered result */
pathnode->locus = cdbpathlocus_from_baserel(root, rel);
pathnode->motionHazard = false;
pathnode->rescannable = true;
pathnode->sameslice_relids = rel->relids;
cost_samplescan(pathnode, root, rel, pathnode->param_info);
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_index_path
* Creates a path node for an index scan.
*
* 'index' is a usable index.
* 'indexclauses' is a list of IndexClause nodes representing clauses
* to be enforced as qual conditions in the scan.
* 'indexorderbys' is a list of bare expressions (no RestrictInfos)
* to be used as index ordering operators in the scan.
* 'indexorderbycols' is an integer list of index column numbers (zero based)
* the ordering operators can be used with.
* 'pathkeys' describes the ordering of the path.
* 'indexscandir' is ForwardScanDirection or BackwardScanDirection
* for an ordered index, or NoMovementScanDirection for
* an unordered index.
* 'indexonly' is true if an index-only scan is wanted.
* 'required_outer' is the set of outer relids for a parameterized path.
* 'loop_count' is the number of repetitions of the indexscan to factor into
* estimates of caching behavior.
* 'partial_path' is true if constructing a parallel index scan path.
*
* Returns the new path node.
*/
IndexPath *
create_index_path(PlannerInfo *root,
IndexOptInfo *index,
List *indexclauses,
List *indexorderbys,
List *indexorderbycols,
List *pathkeys,
ScanDirection indexscandir,
bool indexonly,
Relids required_outer,
double loop_count,
bool partial_path)
{
IndexPath *pathnode = makeNode(IndexPath);
RelOptInfo *rel = index->rel;
pathnode->path.pathtype = indexonly ? T_IndexOnlyScan : T_IndexScan;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = rel->reltarget;
pathnode->path.param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
required_outer);
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = 0;
pathnode->path.pathkeys = pathkeys;
pathnode->indexinfo = index;
pathnode->indexclauses = indexclauses;
pathnode->indexorderbys = indexorderbys;
pathnode->indexorderbycols = indexorderbycols;
pathnode->indexscandir = indexscandir;
/* Distribution is same as the base table. */
pathnode->path.locus = cdbpathlocus_from_baserel(root, rel);
pathnode->path.motionHazard = false;
pathnode->path.rescannable = true;
pathnode->path.sameslice_relids = rel->relids;
cost_index(pathnode, root, loop_count, partial_path);
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_bitmap_heap_path
* Creates a path node for a bitmap scan.
*
* 'bitmapqual' is a tree of IndexPath, BitmapAndPath, and BitmapOrPath nodes.
* 'required_outer' is the set of outer relids for a parameterized path.
* 'loop_count' is the number of repetitions of the indexscan to factor into
* estimates of caching behavior.
*
* loop_count should match the value used when creating the component
* IndexPaths.
*/
BitmapHeapPath *
create_bitmap_heap_path(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *rel,
Path *bitmapqual,
Relids required_outer,
double loop_count,
int parallel_degree)
{
BitmapHeapPath *pathnode = makeNode(BitmapHeapPath);
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_BitmapHeapScan;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = rel->reltarget;
pathnode->path.param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
required_outer);
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = parallel_degree > 0 ? true : false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = parallel_degree;
pathnode->path.pathkeys = NIL; /* always unordered */
/* Distribution is same as the base table. */
pathnode->path.locus = cdbpathlocus_from_baserel(root, rel);
pathnode->path.motionHazard = false;
pathnode->path.rescannable = true;
pathnode->path.sameslice_relids = rel->relids;
pathnode->bitmapqual = bitmapqual;
cost_bitmap_heap_scan(&pathnode->path, root, rel,
pathnode->path.param_info,
bitmapqual, loop_count);
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_bitmap_and_path
* Creates a path node representing a BitmapAnd.
*/
BitmapAndPath *
create_bitmap_and_path(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *rel,
List *bitmapquals)
{
BitmapAndPath *pathnode = makeNode(BitmapAndPath);
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_BitmapAnd;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = rel->reltarget;
pathnode->path.param_info = NULL; /* not used in bitmap trees */
/*
* Currently, a BitmapHeapPath, BitmapAndPath, or BitmapOrPath will be
* parallel-safe if and only if rel->consider_parallel is set. So, we can
* set the flag for this path based only on the relation-level flag,
* without actually iterating over the list of children.
*/
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = 0;
pathnode->path.pathkeys = NIL; /* always unordered */
pathnode->bitmapquals = bitmapquals;
/* this sets bitmapselectivity as well as the regular cost fields: */
cost_bitmap_and_node(pathnode, root);
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_bitmap_or_path
* Creates a path node representing a BitmapOr.
*/
BitmapOrPath *
create_bitmap_or_path(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *rel,
List *bitmapquals)
{
BitmapOrPath *pathnode = makeNode(BitmapOrPath);
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_BitmapOr;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = rel->reltarget;
pathnode->path.param_info = NULL; /* not used in bitmap trees */
/*
* Currently, a BitmapHeapPath, BitmapAndPath, or BitmapOrPath will be
* parallel-safe if and only if rel->consider_parallel is set. So, we can
* set the flag for this path based only on the relation-level flag,
* without actually iterating over the list of children.
*/
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = 0;
pathnode->path.pathkeys = NIL; /* always unordered */
pathnode->bitmapquals = bitmapquals;
/* this sets bitmapselectivity as well as the regular cost fields: */
cost_bitmap_or_node(pathnode, root);
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_tidscan_path
* Creates a path corresponding to a scan by TID, returning the pathnode.
*/
TidPath *
create_tidscan_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, List *tidquals,
Relids required_outer)
{
if (!REL_SUPPORTS_TID_SCAN(rel))
return NULL;
TidPath *pathnode = makeNode(TidPath);
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_TidScan;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = rel->reltarget;
pathnode->path.param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
required_outer);
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = 0;
pathnode->path.pathkeys = NIL; /* always unordered */
pathnode->tidquals = tidquals;
/* Distribution is same as the base table. */
pathnode->path.locus = cdbpathlocus_from_baserel(root, rel);
pathnode->path.motionHazard = false;
pathnode->path.rescannable = true;
pathnode->path.sameslice_relids = rel->relids;
cost_tidscan(&pathnode->path, root, rel, tidquals,
pathnode->path.param_info);
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_append_path
* Creates a path corresponding to an Append plan, returning the
* pathnode.
*
* Note that we must handle subpaths = NIL, representing a dummy access path.
* Also, there are callers that pass root = NULL.
*/
AppendPath *
create_append_path(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *rel,
List *subpaths, List *partial_subpaths,
List *pathkeys, Relids required_outer,
int parallel_workers, bool parallel_aware,
List *partitioned_rels, double rows)
{
AppendPath *pathnode = makeNode(AppendPath);
ListCell *l;
Assert(!parallel_aware || parallel_workers > 0);
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_Append;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = rel->reltarget;
/*
* When generating an Append path for a partitioned table, there may be
* parameters that are useful so we can eliminate certain partitions
* during execution. Here we'll go all the way and fully populate the
* parameter info data as we do for normal base relations. However, we
* need only bother doing this for RELOPT_BASEREL rels, as
* RELOPT_OTHER_MEMBER_REL's Append paths are merged into the base rel's
* Append subpaths. It would do no harm to do this, we just avoid it to
* save wasting effort.
*/
if (partitioned_rels != NIL && root && rel->reloptkind == RELOPT_BASEREL)
pathnode->path.param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root,
rel,
required_outer);
else
pathnode->path.param_info = get_appendrel_parampathinfo(rel,
required_outer);
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = parallel_aware;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = parallel_workers;
pathnode->path.pathkeys = pathkeys;
pathnode->partitioned_rels = list_copy(partitioned_rels);
pathnode->path.motionHazard = false;
pathnode->path.rescannable = true;
/*
* For parallel append, non-partial paths are sorted by descending total
* costs. That way, the total time to finish all non-partial paths is
* minimized. Also, the partial paths are sorted by descending startup
* costs. There may be some paths that require to do startup work by a
* single worker. In such case, it's better for workers to choose the
* expensive ones first, whereas the leader should choose the cheapest
* startup plan.
*/
if (pathnode->path.parallel_aware)
{
/*
* We mustn't fiddle with the order of subpaths when the Append has
* pathkeys. The order they're listed in is critical to keeping the
* pathkeys valid.
*/
Assert(pathkeys == NIL);
subpaths = list_qsort(subpaths, append_total_cost_compare);
partial_subpaths = list_qsort(partial_subpaths,
append_startup_cost_compare);
}
pathnode->first_partial_path = list_length(subpaths);
pathnode->subpaths = list_concat(subpaths, partial_subpaths);
/*
* Apply query-wide LIMIT if known and path is for sole base relation.
* (Handling this at this low level is a bit klugy.)
*/
if (root != NULL && bms_equal(rel->relids, root->all_baserels))
pathnode->limit_tuples = root->limit_tuples;
else
pathnode->limit_tuples = -1.0;
set_append_path_locus(root, (Path *) pathnode, rel, NIL);
foreach(l, pathnode->subpaths)
{
Path *subpath = (Path *) lfirst(l);
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = pathnode->path.parallel_safe &&
subpath->parallel_safe;
/* All child paths must have same parameterization */
Assert(bms_equal(PATH_REQ_OUTER(subpath), required_outer));
}
Assert(!parallel_aware || pathnode->path.parallel_safe);
/*
* If there's exactly one child path, the Append is a no-op and will be
* discarded later (in setrefs.c); therefore, we can inherit the child's
* size and cost, as well as its pathkeys if any (overriding whatever the
* caller might've said). Otherwise, we must do the normal costsize
* calculation.
*/
if (list_length(pathnode->subpaths) == 1)
{
Path *child = (Path *) linitial(pathnode->subpaths);
pathnode->path.rows = child->rows;
pathnode->path.startup_cost = child->startup_cost;
pathnode->path.total_cost = child->total_cost;
pathnode->path.pathkeys = child->pathkeys;
}
else
cost_append(pathnode);
/* If the caller provided a row estimate, override the computed value. */
if (rows >= 0)
pathnode->path.rows = rows;
return pathnode;
}
/*
* append_total_cost_compare
* qsort comparator for sorting append child paths by total_cost descending
*
* For equal total costs, we fall back to comparing startup costs; if those
* are equal too, break ties using bms_compare on the paths' relids.
* (This is to avoid getting unpredictable results from qsort.)
*/
static int
append_total_cost_compare(const void *a, const void *b)
{
Path *path1 = (Path *) lfirst(*(ListCell **) a);
Path *path2 = (Path *) lfirst(*(ListCell **) b);
int cmp;
cmp = compare_path_costs(path1, path2, TOTAL_COST);
if (cmp != 0)
return -cmp;
return bms_compare(path1->parent->relids, path2->parent->relids);
}
/*
* append_startup_cost_compare
* qsort comparator for sorting append child paths by startup_cost descending
*
* For equal startup costs, we fall back to comparing total costs; if those
* are equal too, break ties using bms_compare on the paths' relids.
* (This is to avoid getting unpredictable results from qsort.)
*/
static int
append_startup_cost_compare(const void *a, const void *b)
{
Path *path1 = (Path *) lfirst(*(ListCell **) a);
Path *path2 = (Path *) lfirst(*(ListCell **) b);
int cmp;
cmp = compare_path_costs(path1, path2, STARTUP_COST);
if (cmp != 0)
return -cmp;
return bms_compare(path1->parent->relids, path2->parent->relids);
}
/*
* create_merge_append_path
* Creates a path corresponding to a MergeAppend plan, returning the
* pathnode.
*/
MergeAppendPath *
create_merge_append_path(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *rel,
List *subpaths,
List *pathkeys,
Relids required_outer,
List *partitioned_rels)
{
MergeAppendPath *pathnode = makeNode(MergeAppendPath);
Cost input_startup_cost;
Cost input_total_cost;
ListCell *l;
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_MergeAppend;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = rel->reltarget;
pathnode->path.param_info = get_appendrel_parampathinfo(rel,
required_outer);
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = 0;
pathnode->path.pathkeys = pathkeys;
pathnode->partitioned_rels = list_copy(partitioned_rels);
pathnode->subpaths = subpaths;
/*
* Apply query-wide LIMIT if known and path is for sole base relation.
* (Handling this at this low level is a bit klugy.)
*/
if (bms_equal(rel->relids, root->all_baserels))
pathnode->limit_tuples = root->limit_tuples;
else
pathnode->limit_tuples = -1.0;
/*
* Add Motions to the child nodes as needed, and determine the locus
* of the MergeAppend itself.
*/
set_append_path_locus(root, (Path *) pathnode, rel, pathkeys);
/*
* Add up the sizes and costs of the input paths.
*/
pathnode->path.rows = 0;
input_startup_cost = 0;
input_total_cost = 0;
foreach(l, subpaths)
{
Path *subpath = (Path *) lfirst(l);
pathnode->path.rows += subpath->rows;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = pathnode->path.parallel_safe &&
subpath->parallel_safe;
if (pathkeys_contained_in(pathkeys, subpath->pathkeys))
{
/* Subpath is adequately ordered, we won't need to sort it */
input_startup_cost += subpath->startup_cost;
input_total_cost += subpath->total_cost;
}
else
{
/* We'll need to insert a Sort node, so include cost for that */
Path sort_path; /* dummy for result of cost_sort */
cost_sort(&sort_path,
root,
pathkeys,
subpath->total_cost,
/* GPDB: pass subpath->rows because it's been adjusted for # of segments */
subpath->rows,
subpath->pathtarget->width,
0.0,
work_mem,
pathnode->limit_tuples);
input_startup_cost += sort_path.startup_cost;
input_total_cost += sort_path.total_cost;
}
/* All child paths must have same parameterization */
Assert(bms_equal(PATH_REQ_OUTER(subpath), required_outer));
}
/*
* Now we can compute total costs of the MergeAppend. If there's exactly
* one child path, the MergeAppend is a no-op and will be discarded later
* (in setrefs.c); otherwise we do the normal cost calculation.
*/
if (list_length(subpaths) == 1)
{
pathnode->path.startup_cost = input_startup_cost;
pathnode->path.total_cost = input_total_cost;
}
else
cost_merge_append(&pathnode->path, root,
pathkeys, list_length(subpaths),
input_startup_cost, input_total_cost,
pathnode->path.rows);
return pathnode;
}
/*
* Set the locus of an Append or MergeAppend path.
*
* This modifies the 'subpaths', costs fields, and locus of 'pathnode'.
*/
static void
set_append_path_locus(PlannerInfo *root, Path *pathnode, RelOptInfo *rel,
List *pathkeys)
{
ListCell *l;
CdbLocusType targetlocustype;
CdbPathLocus targetlocus;
int numsegments;
List *subpaths;
List **subpaths_out;
List *new_subpaths;
/*
* Init max_numsegments to slient compiler.
* This variable is only used when result
* locus is partitioned.
*/
int max_numsegments = -1;
if (IsA(pathnode, AppendPath))
subpaths_out = &((AppendPath *) pathnode)->subpaths;
else if (IsA(pathnode, MergeAppendPath))
subpaths_out = &((MergeAppendPath *) pathnode)->subpaths;
else
elog(ERROR, "unexpected append path type: %d", nodeTag(pathnode));
subpaths = *subpaths_out;
*subpaths_out = NIL;
/* If no subpath, any worker can execute this Append. Result has 0 rows. */
if (!subpaths)
{
CdbPathLocus_MakeGeneral(&pathnode->locus);
return;
}
/*
* Do a first pass over the children to determine what locus the result
* should have, based on the loci of the children.
*
* We only determine the target locus type here, the number of segments is
* figured out later. We treat also all partitioned types the same for now,
* using Strewn to represent them all, and figure out later if we can mark
* it hashed, or if have to leave it strewn.
*
* We will record the max number of segments of each subpath here for later
* use.
*/
static const struct
{
CdbLocusType a;
CdbLocusType b;
CdbLocusType result;
} append_locus_compatibility_table[] =
{
/*
* If any of the children have 'outerquery' locus, bring all the subpaths
* to the outer query's locus.
*/
{ CdbLocusType_OuterQuery, CdbLocusType_OuterQuery, CdbLocusType_OuterQuery },
{ CdbLocusType_OuterQuery, CdbLocusType_Entry, CdbLocusType_OuterQuery },
{ CdbLocusType_OuterQuery, CdbLocusType_SingleQE, CdbLocusType_OuterQuery },
{ CdbLocusType_OuterQuery, CdbLocusType_Strewn, CdbLocusType_OuterQuery },
{ CdbLocusType_OuterQuery, CdbLocusType_Replicated, CdbLocusType_OuterQuery },
{ CdbLocusType_OuterQuery, CdbLocusType_SegmentGeneral, CdbLocusType_OuterQuery },
{ CdbLocusType_OuterQuery, CdbLocusType_General, CdbLocusType_OuterQuery },
/*
* Similarly, if any of the children have 'entry' locus, bring all the subpaths
* to the entry db.
*/
{ CdbLocusType_Entry, CdbLocusType_Entry, CdbLocusType_Entry },
{ CdbLocusType_Entry, CdbLocusType_SingleQE, CdbLocusType_Entry },
{ CdbLocusType_Entry, CdbLocusType_Strewn, CdbLocusType_Entry },
{ CdbLocusType_Entry, CdbLocusType_Replicated, CdbLocusType_Entry },
{ CdbLocusType_Entry, CdbLocusType_SegmentGeneral, CdbLocusType_Entry },
{ CdbLocusType_Entry, CdbLocusType_General, CdbLocusType_Entry },
/* similarly, if there are single QE children, bring everything to a single QE */
{ CdbLocusType_SingleQE, CdbLocusType_SingleQE, CdbLocusType_SingleQE },
{ CdbLocusType_SingleQE, CdbLocusType_Strewn, CdbLocusType_SingleQE },
{ CdbLocusType_SingleQE, CdbLocusType_Replicated, CdbLocusType_SingleQE },
{ CdbLocusType_SingleQE, CdbLocusType_SegmentGeneral, CdbLocusType_SingleQE },
{ CdbLocusType_SingleQE, CdbLocusType_General, CdbLocusType_SingleQE },
/*
* If everything is partitioned, then the result can be partitioned, too.
* But if it's a mix of partitioned and replicated, then we have to bring
* everything to a single QE. Otherwise, the replicated children
* will contribute rows on every QE.
* If it's a mix of partitioned and general, we still consider the
* result as partitioned. But the general part will be restricted to
* only produce rows on a single QE.
*/
{ CdbLocusType_Strewn, CdbLocusType_Strewn, CdbLocusType_Strewn },
{ CdbLocusType_Strewn, CdbLocusType_Replicated, CdbLocusType_SingleQE },
{ CdbLocusType_Strewn, CdbLocusType_SegmentGeneral, CdbLocusType_Strewn },
{ CdbLocusType_Strewn, CdbLocusType_General, CdbLocusType_Strewn },
{ CdbLocusType_Replicated, CdbLocusType_Replicated, CdbLocusType_Replicated },
{ CdbLocusType_Replicated, CdbLocusType_SegmentGeneral, CdbLocusType_Replicated },
{ CdbLocusType_Replicated, CdbLocusType_General, CdbLocusType_Replicated },
{ CdbLocusType_SegmentGeneral, CdbLocusType_SegmentGeneral, CdbLocusType_SegmentGeneral },
{ CdbLocusType_SegmentGeneral, CdbLocusType_General, CdbLocusType_SegmentGeneral },
{ CdbLocusType_General, CdbLocusType_General, CdbLocusType_General },
};
targetlocustype = CdbLocusType_General;
foreach(l, subpaths)
{
Path *subpath = (Path *) lfirst(l);
CdbLocusType subtype;
int i;
if (CdbPathLocus_IsPartitioned(subpath->locus))
subtype = CdbLocusType_Strewn;
else
subtype = subpath->locus.locustype;
if (l == list_head(subpaths))
{
targetlocustype = subtype;
max_numsegments = CdbPathLocus_NumSegments(subpath->locus);
continue;
}
max_numsegments = Max(max_numsegments,
CdbPathLocus_NumSegments(subpath->locus));
for (i = 0; i < lengthof(append_locus_compatibility_table); i++)
{
if ((append_locus_compatibility_table[i].a == targetlocustype &&
append_locus_compatibility_table[i].b == subtype) ||
(append_locus_compatibility_table[i].a == subtype &&
append_locus_compatibility_table[i].b == targetlocustype))
{
targetlocustype = append_locus_compatibility_table[i].result;
break;
}
}
if (i == lengthof(append_locus_compatibility_table))
elog(ERROR, "could not determine target locus for Append");
}
/*
* Now compute the 'numsegments', and the hash keys if it's a partitioned
* type.
*/
if (targetlocustype == CdbLocusType_Entry)
{
/* nothing more to do */
CdbPathLocus_MakeEntry(&targetlocus);
}
else if (targetlocustype == CdbLocusType_OuterQuery)
{
/* nothing more to do */
CdbPathLocus_MakeOuterQuery(&targetlocus);
}
else if (targetlocustype == CdbLocusType_General)
{
/* nothing more to do */
CdbPathLocus_MakeGeneral(&targetlocus);
}
else if (targetlocustype == CdbLocusType_SingleQE ||
targetlocustype == CdbLocusType_Replicated ||
targetlocustype == CdbLocusType_SegmentGeneral)
{
/* By default put Append node on all the segments */
numsegments = getgpsegmentCount();
foreach(l, subpaths)
{
Path *subpath = (Path *) lfirst(l);
/*
* Align numsegments to be the common segments among the children.
* Partitioned children will need to be motioned, so ignore them.
*/
if (CdbPathLocus_IsSingleQE(subpath->locus) ||
CdbPathLocus_IsSegmentGeneral(subpath->locus) ||
CdbPathLocus_IsReplicated(subpath->locus))
{
numsegments = Min(numsegments,
CdbPathLocus_NumSegments(subpath->locus));
}
}
CdbPathLocus_MakeSimple(&targetlocus, targetlocustype, numsegments);
}
else if (targetlocustype == CdbLocusType_Strewn)
{
bool isfirst = true;
/* By default put Append node on all the segments */
numsegments = getgpsegmentCount();
CdbPathLocus_MakeNull(&targetlocus);
foreach(l, subpaths)
{
Path *subpath = (Path *) lfirst(l);
CdbPathLocus projectedlocus;
if (CdbPathLocus_IsGeneral(subpath->locus) ||
CdbPathLocus_IsSegmentGeneral(subpath->locus))
{
/* Afterwards, General/SegmentGeneral will be projected as Strewn */
CdbPathLocus_MakeStrewn(&projectedlocus, numsegments);
}
else
{
Assert(CdbPathLocus_IsPartitioned(subpath->locus));
projectedlocus = subpath->locus;
/* Transform subpath locus into the appendrel's space for comparison. */
if (subpath->parent->reloptkind == RELOPT_OTHER_MEMBER_REL &&
subpath->parent != rel &&
(CdbPathLocus_IsHashed(subpath->locus) || CdbPathLocus_IsHashedOJ(subpath->locus)))
{
CdbPathLocus l;
l = cdbpathlocus_pull_above_projection(root,
subpath->locus,
subpath->parent->relids,
subpath->parent->reltarget->exprs,
rel->reltarget->exprs,
rel->relid);
if (CdbPathLocus_IsHashed(l) || CdbPathLocus_IsHashedOJ(l))
projectedlocus = l;
}
}
/*
* CDB: If all the scans are distributed alike, set
* the result locus to match. Otherwise, if all are partitioned,
* set it to strewn. A mixture of partitioned and non-partitioned
* scans should not occur after above correction;
*
* CDB TODO: When the scans are not all partitioned alike, and the
* result is joined with another rel, consider pushing the join
* below the Append so that child tables that are properly
* distributed can be joined in place.
*/
if (isfirst)
{
targetlocus = projectedlocus;
isfirst = false;
}
else if (cdbpathlocus_equal(targetlocus, projectedlocus))
{
/* compatible */
}
else
{
/*
* subpaths have different distributed policy, mark it as random
* distributed and set the numsegments to the maximum of all
* subpaths to not missing any tuples.
*
* max_numsegments is computed in the first deduction loop,
* even here we use projectdlocus, the numsegments never change.
*/
CdbPathLocus_MakeStrewn(&targetlocus, max_numsegments);
break;
}
}
}
else
elog(ERROR, "unexpected Append target locus type");
/* Ok, we now know the target locus. Add Motions/Projections to any subpaths that need it */
new_subpaths = NIL;
foreach(l, subpaths)
{
Path *subpath = (Path *) lfirst(l);
if (CdbPathLocus_IsPartitioned(targetlocus))
{
if (CdbPathLocus_IsGeneral(subpath->locus) ||
CdbPathLocus_IsSegmentGeneral(subpath->locus))
{
/*
* If a General/SegmentGeneral is mixed with other Strewn's,
* add a projection path with cdb_restrict_clauses, so that only
* a single QE will actually produce rows.
*/
RestrictInfo *restrict_info;
if (CdbPathLocus_IsGeneral(subpath->locus))
numsegments = targetlocus.numsegments;
else
numsegments = subpath->locus.numsegments;
restrict_info = make_restrictinfo((Expr *) makeSegmentFilterExpr(
gp_session_id % numsegments),
true, /* is_pushed_down */
false, /* outerjoin_delayed */
true, /* pseudoconstant */
0, /* security_level */
NULL, /* required_relids */
NULL, /* outer_relids */
NULL); /* nullable_relids */
subpath = (Path *) create_projection_path_with_quals(
root,
subpath->parent,
subpath,
subpath->pathtarget,
list_make1(restrict_info),
false);
/*
* We use the skill of Result plannode with one time filter
* gp_execution_segment() = <segid> here, so we should update
* direct dispatch info when creating plan.
*/
((ProjectionPath *) subpath)->direct_dispath_contentIds = list_make1_int(gp_session_id % numsegments);
CdbPathLocus_MakeStrewn(&(subpath->locus),
numsegments);
}
/* we already determined that all the loci are compatible */
Assert(CdbPathLocus_IsPartitioned(subpath->locus));
}
else
{
if (pathkeys_contained_in(pathkeys, subpath->pathkeys))
subpath = cdbpath_create_motion_path(root, subpath, pathkeys, false, targetlocus);
else
subpath = cdbpath_create_motion_path(root, subpath, NIL, false, targetlocus);
}
pathnode->sameslice_relids = bms_union(pathnode->sameslice_relids, subpath->sameslice_relids);
if (subpath->motionHazard)
pathnode->motionHazard = true;
if (!subpath->rescannable)
pathnode->rescannable = false;
new_subpaths = lappend(new_subpaths, subpath);
}
pathnode->locus = targetlocus;
*subpaths_out = new_subpaths;
}
/*
* create_group_result_path
* Creates a path representing a Result-and-nothing-else plan.
*
* This is only used for degenerate grouping cases, in which we know we
* need to produce one result row, possibly filtered by a HAVING qual.
*/
GroupResultPath *
create_group_result_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
PathTarget *target, List *havingqual)
{
GroupResultPath *pathnode = makeNode(GroupResultPath);
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_Result;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = target;
pathnode->path.param_info = NULL; /* there are no other rels... */
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = 0;
pathnode->path.pathkeys = NIL;
pathnode->quals = havingqual;
/*
* We can't quite use cost_resultscan() because the quals we want to
* account for are not baserestrict quals of the rel. Might as well just
* hack it here.
*/
pathnode->path.rows = 1;
pathnode->path.startup_cost = target->cost.startup;
pathnode->path.total_cost = target->cost.startup +
cpu_tuple_cost + target->cost.per_tuple;
/*
* Add cost of qual, if any --- but we ignore its selectivity, since our
* rowcount estimate should be 1 no matter what the qual is.
*/
if (havingqual)
{
QualCost qual_cost;
cost_qual_eval(&qual_cost, havingqual, root);
/* havingqual is evaluated once at startup */
pathnode->path.startup_cost += qual_cost.startup + qual_cost.per_tuple;
pathnode->path.total_cost += qual_cost.startup + qual_cost.per_tuple;
}
/* Result can be on any segments */
CdbPathLocus_MakeGeneral(&pathnode->path.locus);
pathnode->path.motionHazard = false;
pathnode->path.rescannable = true;
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_material_path
* Creates a path corresponding to a Material plan, returning the
* pathnode.
*/
MaterialPath *
create_material_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, Path *subpath)
{
MaterialPath *pathnode = makeNode(MaterialPath);
Assert(subpath->parent == rel);
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_Material;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = rel->reltarget;
pathnode->path.param_info = subpath->param_info;
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel &&
subpath->parallel_safe;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = subpath->parallel_workers;
pathnode->path.pathkeys = subpath->pathkeys;
pathnode->path.locus = subpath->locus;
pathnode->path.motionHazard = subpath->motionHazard;
pathnode->cdb_strict = false;
pathnode->path.rescannable = true; /* Independent of sub-path */
pathnode->path.sameslice_relids = subpath->sameslice_relids;
pathnode->subpath = subpath;
cost_material(&pathnode->path,
root,
subpath->startup_cost,
subpath->total_cost,
subpath->rows,
subpath->pathtarget->width);
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_unique_path
* Creates a path representing elimination of distinct rows from the
* input data. Distinct-ness is defined according to the needs of the
* semijoin represented by sjinfo. If it is not possible to identify
* how to make the data unique, NULL is returned.
*
* If used at all, this is likely to be called repeatedly on the same rel;
* and the input subpath should always be the same (the cheapest_total path
* for the rel). So we cache the result.
*/
UniquePath *
create_unique_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, Path *subpath,
SpecialJoinInfo *sjinfo)
{
UniquePath *pathnode;
Path sort_path; /* dummy for result of cost_sort */
Path agg_path; /* dummy for result of cost_agg */
MemoryContext oldcontext;
int numCols;
CdbPathLocus locus;
bool add_motion = false;
double numsegments;
/* Caller made a mistake if subpath isn't cheapest_total ... */
Assert(subpath == rel->cheapest_total_path);
Assert(subpath->parent == rel);
/* ... or if SpecialJoinInfo is the wrong one */
Assert(sjinfo->jointype == JOIN_SEMI);
Assert(bms_equal(rel->relids, sjinfo->syn_righthand));
/* If result already cached, return it */
if (rel->cheapest_unique_path)
return (UniquePath *) rel->cheapest_unique_path;
/* If it's not possible to unique-ify, return NULL */
if (!(sjinfo->semi_can_btree || sjinfo->semi_can_hash))
return NULL;
/*
* When called during GEQO join planning, we are in a short-lived memory
* context. We must make sure that the path and any subsidiary data
* structures created for a baserel survive the GEQO cycle, else the
* baserel is trashed for future GEQO cycles. On the other hand, when we
* are creating those for a joinrel during GEQO, we don't want them to
* clutter the main planning context. Upshot is that the best solution is
* to explicitly allocate memory in the same context the given RelOptInfo
* is in.
*/
oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(GetMemoryChunkContext(rel));
/* Repartition first if duplicates might be on different QEs. */
if (!CdbPathLocus_IsBottleneck(subpath->locus) &&
!cdbpathlocus_is_hashed_on_exprs(subpath->locus, sjinfo->semi_rhs_exprs, false))
{
int numsegments = CdbPathLocus_NumSegments(subpath->locus);
List *opfamilies = NIL;
List *sortrefs = NIL;
ListCell *lc;
foreach(lc, sjinfo->semi_rhs_exprs)
{
Node *expr = lfirst(lc);
Oid opfamily;
opfamily = cdb_default_distribution_opfamily_for_type(exprType(expr));
opfamilies = lappend_oid(opfamilies, opfamily);
sortrefs = lappend_int(sortrefs, 0);
}
locus = cdbpathlocus_from_exprs(root,
subpath->parent,
sjinfo->semi_rhs_exprs, opfamilies, sortrefs, numsegments);
subpath = cdbpath_create_motion_path(root, subpath, NIL, false, locus);
/*
* We probably add agg/sort node above the added motion node, but it is
* possible to add an agg/sort node below this motion node also,
* which might be optimal in some cases?
*/
add_motion = true;
if (subpath == NULL)
elog(ERROR, "could not create motion path");
}
else
locus = subpath->locus;
if (CdbPathLocus_IsPartitioned(locus))
numsegments = CdbPathLocus_NumSegments(locus);
else
numsegments = 1;
/*
* If we get here, we can unique-ify using at least one of sorting and
* hashing. Start building the result Path object.
*/
pathnode = makeNode(UniquePath);
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_Unique;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = rel->reltarget;
pathnode->path.locus = locus;
pathnode->path.param_info = subpath->param_info;
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel &&
subpath->parallel_safe;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = subpath->parallel_workers;
/*
* Assume the output is unsorted, since we don't necessarily have pathkeys
* to represent it. (This might get overridden below.)
*/
pathnode->path.pathkeys = NIL;
pathnode->subpath = subpath;
pathnode->in_operators = sjinfo->semi_operators;
pathnode->uniq_exprs = sjinfo->semi_rhs_exprs;
/*
* If the input is a relation and it has a unique index that proves the
* semi_rhs_exprs are unique, then we don't need to do anything. Note
* that relation_has_unique_index_for automatically considers restriction
* clauses for the rel, as well.
*/
if (rel->rtekind == RTE_RELATION && sjinfo->semi_can_btree &&
relation_has_unique_index_for(root, rel, NIL,
sjinfo->semi_rhs_exprs,
sjinfo->semi_operators))
{
/*
* For UNIQUE_PATH_NOOP, it is possible that subpath could be a
* motion node. It is not allowed to add a motion node above a
* motion node so we simply disallow this unique path although
* in theory we could improve this.
*/
if (add_motion)
return NULL;
pathnode->umethod = UNIQUE_PATH_NOOP;
pathnode->path.rows = clamp_row_est(rel->rows / numsegments);
pathnode->path.startup_cost = subpath->startup_cost;
pathnode->path.total_cost = subpath->total_cost;
pathnode->path.pathkeys = subpath->pathkeys;
rel->cheapest_unique_path = (Path *) pathnode;
MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
return pathnode;
}
/*
* If the input is a subquery whose output must be unique already, then we
* don't need to do anything. The test for uniqueness has to consider
* exactly which columns we are extracting; for example "SELECT DISTINCT
* x,y" doesn't guarantee that x alone is distinct. So we cannot check for
* this optimization unless semi_rhs_exprs consists only of simple Vars
* referencing subquery outputs. (Possibly we could do something with
* expressions in the subquery outputs, too, but for now keep it simple.)
*/
if (rel->rtekind == RTE_SUBQUERY)
{
RangeTblEntry *rte = planner_rt_fetch(rel->relid, root);
if (query_supports_distinctness(rte->subquery))
{
List *sub_tlist_colnos;
sub_tlist_colnos = translate_sub_tlist(sjinfo->semi_rhs_exprs,
rel->relid);
if (sub_tlist_colnos &&
query_is_distinct_for(rte->subquery,
sub_tlist_colnos,
sjinfo->semi_operators))
{
/* Subpath node could be a motion. See previous comment for details. */
if (add_motion)
return NULL;
pathnode->umethod = UNIQUE_PATH_NOOP;
pathnode->path.rows = clamp_row_est(rel->rows / numsegments);
pathnode->path.startup_cost = subpath->startup_cost;
pathnode->path.total_cost = subpath->total_cost;
pathnode->path.pathkeys = subpath->pathkeys;
rel->cheapest_unique_path = (Path *) pathnode;
MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
return pathnode;
}
}
}
/* Estimate number of output rows */
pathnode->path.rows = estimate_num_groups(root,
sjinfo->semi_rhs_exprs,
rel->rows,
NULL);
numCols = list_length(sjinfo->semi_rhs_exprs);
if (sjinfo->semi_can_btree)
{
/*
* Estimate cost for sort+unique implementation
*/
cost_sort(&sort_path, root, NIL,
subpath->total_cost,
rel->rows / numsegments,
subpath->pathtarget->width,
0.0,
work_mem,
-1.0);
/*
* Charge one cpu_operator_cost per comparison per input tuple. We
* assume all columns get compared at most of the tuples. (XXX
* probably this is an overestimate.) This should agree with
* create_upper_unique_path.
*/
sort_path.total_cost += cpu_operator_cost * (rel->rows / numsegments) * numCols;
}
if (sjinfo->semi_can_hash)
{
/*
* Estimate the overhead per hashtable entry at 64 bytes (same as in
* planner.c).
*/
int hashentrysize = subpath->pathtarget->width + 64;
if (hashentrysize * pathnode->path.rows > work_mem * 1024L)
{
/*
* We should not try to hash. Hack the SpecialJoinInfo to
* remember this, in case we come through here again.
*/
sjinfo->semi_can_hash = false;
}
else
cost_agg(&agg_path, root,
AGG_HASHED, NULL,
numCols, pathnode->path.rows / planner_segment_count(NULL),
NIL,
subpath->startup_cost,
subpath->total_cost,
(rel->rows / numsegments),
subpath->pathtarget->width);
}
if (sjinfo->semi_can_btree && sjinfo->semi_can_hash)
{
if (agg_path.total_cost < sort_path.total_cost)
pathnode->umethod = UNIQUE_PATH_HASH;
else
pathnode->umethod = UNIQUE_PATH_SORT;
}
else if (sjinfo->semi_can_btree)
pathnode->umethod = UNIQUE_PATH_SORT;
else if (sjinfo->semi_can_hash)
pathnode->umethod = UNIQUE_PATH_HASH;
else
{
/* we can get here only if we abandoned hashing above */
MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
return NULL;
}
if (pathnode->umethod == UNIQUE_PATH_HASH)
{
pathnode->path.startup_cost = agg_path.startup_cost;
pathnode->path.total_cost = agg_path.total_cost;
}
else
{
pathnode->path.startup_cost = sort_path.startup_cost;
pathnode->path.total_cost = sort_path.total_cost;
}
rel->cheapest_unique_path = (Path *) pathnode;
MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
/* see MPP-1140 */
if (pathnode->umethod == UNIQUE_PATH_HASH)
{
/* hybrid hash agg is not rescannable, and may present a motion hazard */
pathnode->path.motionHazard = subpath->motionHazard;
pathnode->path.rescannable = false;
}
else
{
/* sort or plain implies materialization and breaks deadlock cycle.
* (NB: Must not reset motionHazard when sort is eliminated due to
* existing ordering; but Unique sort is never optimized away at present.)
*/
pathnode->path.motionHazard = subpath->motionHazard;
/* Same reasoning applies to rescanablilty. If no actual sort is placed
* in the plan, then rescannable is set correctly to the subpath value.
* If sort intervenes, it should be set to true. We depend
* on the above claim that sort will always intervene.
*/
pathnode->path.rescannable = true;
}
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_unique_rowid_path (GPDB)
*
* Create a UniquePath to deduplicate based on a RowIdExp column. This is
* used as part of implementing semi-joins (such as "x IN (SELECT ...)").
*
* In PostgreSQL, semi-joins are implemented with JOIN_SEMI join types, or
* by first eliminating duplicates from the inner side, and then performing
* normal inner join (that's JOIN_UNIQUE_OUTER and JOIN_UNIQUE_INNER). GPDB
* has a third way to implement them: Perform an inner join first, and then
* eliminate duplicates from the result. The JOIN_DEDUP_SEMI and
* JOIN_DEDUP_SEMI_REVERSE join types indicate such plans.
*
* The JOIN_DEDUP_SEMI plan will look something like this:
*
* postgres=# explain select * from s where exists (select 1 from r where s.a = r.b);
* QUERY PLAN
* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Gather Motion 3:1 (slice1; segments: 3) (cost=153.50..155.83 rows=100 width=8)
* -> HashAggregate (cost=153.50..153.83 rows=34 width=8)
* Group Key: (RowIdExpr)
* -> Redistribute Motion 3:3 (slice2; segments: 3) (cost=11.75..153.00 rows=34 width=8)
* Hash Key: (RowIdExpr)
* -> Hash Join (cost=11.75..151.00 rows=34 width=8)
* Hash Cond: (r.b = s.a)
* -> Seq Scan on r (cost=0.00..112.00 rows=3334 width=4)
* -> Hash (cost=8.00..8.00 rows=100 width=8)
* -> Broadcast Motion 3:3 (slice3; segments: 3) (cost=0.00..8.00 rows=100 width=8)
* -> Seq Scan on s (cost=0.00..4.00 rows=34 width=8)
* Optimizer: Postgres query optimizer
* (12 rows)
*
* In PostgreSQL, this is never better than doing a JOIN_SEMI directly.
* But it can be a win in GPDB, if the distribution of the outer and inner
* relations don't match, and the outer relation is much larger than the
* inner relation. In the above example, a normal semi-join would have to
* have 's' on the outer side, and 'r' on the inner side. A hash semi-join
* can't be performed the other way 'round, because the duplicate
* elimination in a semi-join is done when building the hash table.
* Furthermore, you can't have a Broadcast motion on the outer side of
* a semi-join, because that could also generate duplicates. That leaves
* the planner no choice, but to redistribute the larger 'r' relation,
* in a JOIN_SEMI plan.
*
* So in GPDB, we try to implement semi-joins as a inner joins, followed
* by an explicit UniquePath to eliminate the duplicates. That allows the
* above plan, where the smaller 's' relation is Broadcast to all the
* segments, and the duplicates that can arise from doing that are eliminated
* above the join. You get one more Motion than with a JOIN_SEMI plan, but
* each Motion has to move much fewer rows.
*
* The role of this function is to insert the UniquePath to represent
* the deduplication above the join. Returns a UniquePath node representing
* a "DISTINCT ON (RowIdExpr)" operator, where (r1,...,rn) represents a unique
* identifier for each row of the cross product of the tables specified by
* the 'distinct_relids' parameter.
*
* NB: The returned node shares the given 'distinct_relids' bitmapset object;
* so the caller must not free or modify it during the node's lifetime.
*
* If a row's duplicates might occur in more than one partition, a Motion
* operator will be needed to bring them together. Since this path might
* not be chosen, we won't take the time to create a CdbMotionPath node here.
* Just estimate what the cost would be, and assign a dummy locus; leave
* the real work for create_plan().
*/
UniquePath *
create_unique_rowid_path(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *rel,
Path *subpath,
Relids required_outer,
int rowidexpr_id)
{
UniquePath *pathnode;
CdbPathLocus locus;
Path sort_path; /* dummy for result of cost_sort */
Path agg_path; /* dummy for result of cost_agg */
int numCols;
bool all_btree;
bool all_hash;
double numsegments;
Assert(rowidexpr_id > 0);
/*
* For easier merging (albeit it's going to manual), keep this function
* similar to create_unique_path(). In this function, we deduplicate based
* on RowIdExpr that we generate on the fly. Sorting and hashing are both
* possible, but we keep these as variables to resemble
* create_unique_path().
*/
all_btree = true;
all_hash = enable_hashagg; /* don't consider hash if not enabled */
RowIdExpr *rowidexpr = makeNode(RowIdExpr);
rowidexpr->rowidexpr_id = rowidexpr_id;
subpath->pathtarget = copy_pathtarget(subpath->pathtarget);
add_column_to_pathtarget(subpath->pathtarget, (Expr *) rowidexpr, 0);
/* Repartition first if duplicates might be on different QEs. */
if (!CdbPathLocus_IsBottleneck(subpath->locus))
{
int numsegments = CdbPathLocus_NumSegments(subpath->locus);
locus = cdbpathlocus_from_exprs(root,
subpath->parent,
list_make1(rowidexpr),
list_make1_oid(cdb_default_distribution_opfamily_for_type(INT8OID)),
list_make1_int(0),
numsegments);
subpath = cdbpath_create_motion_path(root, subpath, NIL, false, locus);
if (!subpath)
return NULL;
/*
* The motion path has been created correctly, but there's a little
* problem with the locus. The locus has RowIdExpr as the distribution
* key, but because there are no Vars in it, the EC machinery will
* consider it a pseudo-constant. We don't want that, as it would
* mean that all rows were considered to live on the same segment,
* which is not how this works. Therefore set the locus of the Unique
* path to Strewn, which doesn't have that problem. No node above the
* Unique will care about the row id expresssion, so it's OK to forget
* that the rows are currently hashed by the row id.
*/
CdbPathLocus_MakeStrewn(&locus, numsegments);
}
else
{
/* XXX If the join result is on a single node, a DEDUP plan probably doesn't
* make sense.
*/
locus = subpath->locus;
}
if (CdbPathLocus_IsPartitioned(locus))
numsegments = CdbPathLocus_NumSegments(locus);
else
numsegments = 1;
/*
* Start building the result Path object.
*/
pathnode = makeNode(UniquePath);
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_Unique;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = rel->reltarget;
pathnode->path.locus = locus;
pathnode->path.param_info = subpath->param_info;
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel &&
subpath->parallel_safe;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = subpath->parallel_workers;
/*
* Treat the output as always unsorted, since we don't necessarily have
* pathkeys to represent it.
*/
pathnode->path.pathkeys = NIL;
pathnode->subpath = subpath;
pathnode->in_operators = list_make1_oid(Int8EqualOperator);
pathnode->uniq_exprs = list_make1(rowidexpr);
/*
* This just removes duplicates generated by broadcasting rows earlier.
*/
pathnode->path.rows = clamp_row_est(rel->rows / numsegments);
numCols = 1; /* the RowIdExpr */
if (all_btree)
{
/*
* Estimate cost for sort+unique implementation
*/
cost_sort(&sort_path, root, NIL,
subpath->total_cost,
(rel->rows / numsegments),
rel->reltarget->width,
0, work_mem,
-1.0);
/*
* Charge one cpu_operator_cost per comparison per input tuple. We
* assume all columns get compared at most of the tuples. (XXX
* probably this is an overestimate.) This should agree with
* make_unique.
*/
sort_path.total_cost += cpu_operator_cost * (rel->rows / numsegments) * numCols;
}
if (all_hash)
{
/*
* Estimate the overhead per hashtable entry at 64 bytes (same as in
* planner.c).
*/
int hashentrysize = subpath->pathtarget->width + 64;
if (hashentrysize * pathnode->path.rows > work_mem * 1024L)
all_hash = false; /* don't try to hash */
else
cost_agg(&agg_path, root,
AGG_HASHED, 0,
numCols, ((Path *)pathnode)->rows,
NIL, /* no quals */
subpath->startup_cost,
subpath->total_cost,
(rel->rows / numsegments),
false /* streaming */
);
}
if (all_btree && all_hash)
{
if (agg_path.total_cost < sort_path.total_cost)
pathnode->umethod = UNIQUE_PATH_HASH;
else
pathnode->umethod = UNIQUE_PATH_SORT;
}
else if (all_btree)
pathnode->umethod = UNIQUE_PATH_SORT;
else if (all_hash)
pathnode->umethod = UNIQUE_PATH_HASH;
else
{
Assert(false);
}
if (pathnode->umethod == UNIQUE_PATH_HASH)
{
pathnode->path.startup_cost = agg_path.startup_cost;
pathnode->path.total_cost = agg_path.total_cost;
}
else
{
pathnode->path.startup_cost = sort_path.startup_cost;
pathnode->path.total_cost = sort_path.total_cost;
}
/* see MPP-1140 */
if (pathnode->umethod == UNIQUE_PATH_HASH)
{
/* hybrid hash agg is not rescannable, and may present a motion hazard */
pathnode->path.motionHazard = subpath->motionHazard;
pathnode->path.rescannable = false;
}
else
{
/* sort or plain implies materialization and breaks deadlock cycle.
* (NB: Must not reset motionHazard when sort is eliminated due to
* existing ordering; but Unique sort is never optimized away at present.)
*/
pathnode->path.motionHazard = subpath->motionHazard;
/* Same reasoning applies to rescanablilty. If no actual sort is placed
* in the plan, then rescannable is set correctly to the subpath value.
* If sort intervenes, it should be set to true. We depend
* on the above claim that sort will always intervene.
*/
pathnode->path.rescannable = true;
}
return pathnode;
} /* create_unique_rowid_path */
/*
* create_gather_merge_path
*
* Creates a path corresponding to a gather merge scan, returning
* the pathnode.
*/
GatherMergePath *
create_gather_merge_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, Path *subpath,
PathTarget *target, List *pathkeys,
Relids required_outer, double *rows)
{
GatherMergePath *pathnode = makeNode(GatherMergePath);
Cost input_startup_cost = 0;
Cost input_total_cost = 0;
Assert(subpath->parallel_safe);
Assert(pathkeys);
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_GatherMerge;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
pathnode->path.param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
required_outer);
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->subpath = subpath;
pathnode->num_workers = subpath->parallel_workers;
pathnode->path.pathkeys = pathkeys;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = target ? target : rel->reltarget;
pathnode->path.rows += subpath->rows;
if (pathkeys_contained_in(pathkeys, subpath->pathkeys))
{
/* Subpath is adequately ordered, we won't need to sort it */
input_startup_cost += subpath->startup_cost;
input_total_cost += subpath->total_cost;
}
else
{
/* We'll need to insert a Sort node, so include cost for that */
Path sort_path; /* dummy for result of cost_sort */
cost_sort(&sort_path,
root,
pathkeys,
subpath->total_cost,
subpath->rows,
subpath->pathtarget->width,
0.0,
work_mem,
-1);
input_startup_cost += sort_path.startup_cost;
input_total_cost += sort_path.total_cost;
}
cost_gather_merge(pathnode, root, rel, pathnode->path.param_info,
input_startup_cost, input_total_cost, rows);
return pathnode;
}
/*
* translate_sub_tlist - get subquery column numbers represented by tlist
*
* The given targetlist usually contains only Vars referencing the given relid.
* Extract their varattnos (ie, the column numbers of the subquery) and return
* as an integer List.
*
* If any of the tlist items is not a simple Var, we cannot determine whether
* the subquery's uniqueness condition (if any) matches ours, so punt and
* return NIL.
*/
static List *
translate_sub_tlist(List *tlist, int relid)
{
List *result = NIL;
ListCell *l;
foreach(l, tlist)
{
Var *var = (Var *) lfirst(l);
if (!var || !IsA(var, Var) ||
var->varno != relid)
return NIL; /* punt */
result = lappend_int(result, var->varattno);
}
return result;
}
/*
* create_gather_path
* Creates a path corresponding to a gather scan, returning the
* pathnode.
*
* 'rows' may optionally be set to override row estimates from other sources.
*/
GatherPath *
create_gather_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, Path *subpath,
PathTarget *target, Relids required_outer, double *rows)
{
GatherPath *pathnode = makeNode(GatherPath);
Assert(subpath->parallel_safe);
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_Gather;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = target;
pathnode->path.param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
required_outer);
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = 0;
pathnode->path.pathkeys = NIL; /* Gather has unordered result */
pathnode->subpath = subpath;
pathnode->num_workers = subpath->parallel_workers;
pathnode->single_copy = false;
if (pathnode->num_workers == 0)
{
pathnode->path.pathkeys = subpath->pathkeys;
pathnode->num_workers = 1;
pathnode->single_copy = true;
}
cost_gather(pathnode, root, rel, pathnode->path.param_info, rows);
/* GPDB_96_MERGE_FIXME: how do data distribution locus and parallelism work together? */
pathnode->path.locus = subpath->locus;
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_subqueryscan_path
* Creates a path corresponding to a scan of a subquery,
* returning the pathnode.
*/
SubqueryScanPath *
create_subqueryscan_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, Path *subpath,
List *pathkeys, CdbPathLocus locus, Relids required_outer)
{
SubqueryScanPath *pathnode = makeNode(SubqueryScanPath);
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_SubqueryScan;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = rel->reltarget;
pathnode->path.param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
required_outer);
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel &&
subpath->parallel_safe;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = subpath->parallel_workers;
pathnode->path.pathkeys = pathkeys;
pathnode->subpath = subpath;
pathnode->path.locus = locus;
pathnode->path.motionHazard = subpath->motionHazard;
pathnode->path.rescannable = false;
pathnode->path.sameslice_relids = NULL;
pathnode->required_outer = bms_copy(required_outer);
cost_subqueryscan(pathnode, root, rel, pathnode->path.param_info);
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_functionscan_path
* Creates a path corresponding to a sequential scan of a function,
* returning the pathnode.
*/
Path *
create_functionscan_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
RangeTblEntry *rte,
List *pathkeys, Relids required_outer)
{
Path *pathnode = makeNode(Path);
ListCell *lc;
pathnode->pathtype = T_FunctionScan;
pathnode->parent = rel;
pathnode->pathtarget = rel->reltarget;
pathnode->param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
required_outer);
pathnode->parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel;
pathnode->parallel_workers = 0;
pathnode->pathkeys = pathkeys;
/*
* Decide where to execute the FunctionScan.
*/
if (Gp_role == GP_ROLE_DISPATCH)
{
char exec_location = PROEXECLOCATION_ANY;
bool contain_mutables = false;
bool contain_outer_params = false;
/*
* If the function desires to run on segments, mark randomly-distributed.
* If expression contains mutable functions, evaluate it on entry db.
* Otherwise let it be evaluated in the same slice as its parent operator.
*/
Assert(rte->rtekind == RTE_FUNCTION);
foreach (lc, rel->baserestrictinfo)
{
RestrictInfo *rinfo = (RestrictInfo *) lfirst(lc);
if (rinfo->contain_outer_query_references)
{
contain_outer_params = true;
break;
}
}
foreach (lc, rte->functions)
{
RangeTblFunction *rtfunc = (RangeTblFunction *) lfirst(lc);
if (rtfunc->funcexpr && IsA(rtfunc->funcexpr, FuncExpr))
{
FuncExpr *funcexpr = (FuncExpr *) rtfunc->funcexpr;
char this_exec_location;
this_exec_location = func_exec_location(funcexpr->funcid);
switch (this_exec_location)
{
case PROEXECLOCATION_ANY:
/*
* This can be executed anywhere. Remember if it was
* mutable (or contained any mutable arguments), that
* will affect the decision after this loop on where
* to actually execute it.
*/
if (!contain_mutables)
contain_mutables = contain_mutable_functions((Node *) funcexpr);
break;
case PROEXECLOCATION_COORDINATOR:
/*
* This function forces the execution to master.
*/
if (exec_location == PROEXECLOCATION_ALL_SEGMENTS)
{
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
(errmsg("cannot mix EXECUTE ON MASTER and ALL SEGMENTS functions in same function scan"))));
}
exec_location = PROEXECLOCATION_COORDINATOR;
break;
case PROEXECLOCATION_INITPLAN:
/*
* This function forces the execution to master.
*/
if (exec_location == PROEXECLOCATION_ALL_SEGMENTS)
{
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
(errmsg("cannot mix EXECUTE ON INITPLAN and ALL SEGMENTS functions in same function scan"))));
}
exec_location = PROEXECLOCATION_INITPLAN;
break;
case PROEXECLOCATION_ALL_SEGMENTS:
/*
* This function forces the execution to segments.
*/
if (exec_location == PROEXECLOCATION_COORDINATOR)
{
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
(errmsg("cannot mix EXECUTE ON MASTER and ALL SEGMENTS functions in same function scan"))));
}
exec_location = PROEXECLOCATION_ALL_SEGMENTS;
break;
default:
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized proexeclocation '%c'", exec_location);
}
}
else
{
/*
* The expression might've been simplified into a Const. Which can
* be executed anywhere.
*/
}
if (!contain_outer_params &&
contains_outer_params(rtfunc->funcexpr, root))
contain_outer_params = true;
}
switch (exec_location)
{
case PROEXECLOCATION_ANY:
/*
* If all the functions are ON ANY, we presumably could execute
* the function scan anywhere. However, historically, before the
* EXECUTE ON syntax was introduced, we always executed
* non-IMMUTABLE functions on the master. Keep that behavior
* for backwards compatibility.
*/
if (contain_outer_params)
CdbPathLocus_MakeOuterQuery(&pathnode->locus);
else if (contain_mutables)
CdbPathLocus_MakeEntry(&pathnode->locus);
else
CdbPathLocus_MakeGeneral(&pathnode->locus);
break;
case PROEXECLOCATION_COORDINATOR:
if (contain_outer_params)
elog(ERROR, "cannot execute EXECUTE ON MASTER function in a subquery with arguments from outer query");
CdbPathLocus_MakeEntry(&pathnode->locus);
break;
case PROEXECLOCATION_INITPLAN:
if (contain_outer_params)
elog(ERROR, "cannot execute EXECUTE ON INITPLAN function in a subquery with arguments from outer query");
CdbPathLocus_MakeEntry(&pathnode->locus);
break;
case PROEXECLOCATION_ALL_SEGMENTS:
if (contain_outer_params)
elog(ERROR, "cannot execute EXECUTE ON ALL SEGMENTS function in a subquery with arguments from outer query");
CdbPathLocus_MakeStrewn(&pathnode->locus,
getgpsegmentCount());
break;
default:
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized proexeclocation '%c'", exec_location);
}
}
else
CdbPathLocus_MakeEntry(&pathnode->locus);
pathnode->motionHazard = false;
/*
* FunctionScan is always rescannable. It uses a tuplestore to
* materialize the results all by itself.
*/
pathnode->rescannable = true;
pathnode->sameslice_relids = NULL;
cost_functionscan(pathnode, root, rel, pathnode->param_info);
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_tablefunction_path
* Creates a path corresponding to a sequential scan of a table function,
* returning the pathnode.
*
* NB: This is a GPDB specific thing, to support this syntax:
*
* SELECT * FROM multiset_5( TABLE( SELECT * from example) ) order by a, b;
*
* Despite the similar name, this is completely different from the upstream
* create_tablefuncscan_path() function below! The other function deals with
* XMLTABLE and similar functions.
*/
TableFunctionScanPath *
create_tablefunction_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, Path *subpath,
List *pathkeys, Relids required_outer)
{
TableFunctionScanPath *pathnode = makeNode(TableFunctionScanPath);
/* Setup the basics of the TableFunction path */
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_TableFunctionScan;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = rel->reltarget;
pathnode->path.param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
required_outer);
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel &&
subpath->parallel_safe;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = subpath->parallel_workers;
pathnode->path.pathkeys = NIL; /* no way to specify output ordering */
pathnode->subpath = subpath;
pathnode->path.motionHazard = true; /* better safe than sorry */
pathnode->path.rescannable = false; /* better safe than sorry */
/*
* Inherit the locus of the input subquery's path. This is necessary to handle the
* case of a General locus, e.g. if all the data has been concentrated to a
* single segment then the output will all be on that segment, otherwise the
* output must be declared as randomly distributed because we do not know
* what relationship, if any, there is between the input data and the output
* data.
*/
pathnode->path.locus = subpath->locus;
/* Mark the output as random if the input is partitioned */
if (CdbPathLocus_IsPartitioned(pathnode->path.locus))
CdbPathLocus_MakeStrewn(&pathnode->path.locus,
CdbPathLocus_NumSegments(pathnode->path.locus));
pathnode->path.sameslice_relids = NULL;
cost_tablefunction(pathnode, root, rel, pathnode->path.param_info);
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_tablefuncscan_path
* Creates a path corresponding to a sequential scan of a table function,
* returning the pathnode.
*/
Path *
create_tablefuncscan_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
Relids required_outer)
{
Path *pathnode = makeNode(Path);
pathnode->pathtype = T_TableFuncScan;
pathnode->parent = rel;
pathnode->pathtarget = rel->reltarget;
pathnode->param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
required_outer);
pathnode->parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel;
pathnode->parallel_workers = 0;
pathnode->pathkeys = NIL; /* result is always unordered */
CdbPathLocus_MakeGeneral(&pathnode->locus);
cost_tablefuncscan(pathnode, root, rel, pathnode->param_info);
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_valuesscan_path
* Creates a path corresponding to a scan of a VALUES list,
* returning the pathnode.
*/
Path *
create_valuesscan_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
RangeTblEntry *rte,
Relids required_outer)
{
Path *pathnode = makeNode(Path);
pathnode->pathtype = T_ValuesScan;
pathnode->parent = rel;
pathnode->pathtarget = rel->reltarget;
pathnode->param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
required_outer);
pathnode->parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel;
pathnode->parallel_workers = 0;
pathnode->pathkeys = NIL; /* result is always unordered */
/*
* CDB: If VALUES list contains mutable functions, evaluate it on entry db.
* Otherwise let it be evaluated in the same slice as its parent operator.
*/
Assert(rte->rtekind == RTE_VALUES);
if (contain_mutable_functions((Node *)rte->values_lists))
CdbPathLocus_MakeEntry(&pathnode->locus);
else
{
/*
* ValuesScan can be on any segment.
*/
CdbPathLocus_MakeGeneral(&pathnode->locus);
}
pathnode->motionHazard = false;
pathnode->rescannable = true;
pathnode->sameslice_relids = NULL;
cost_valuesscan(pathnode, root, rel, pathnode->param_info);
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_ctescan_path
* Creates a path corresponding to a scan of a non-self-reference CTE,
* returning the pathnode.
*/
Path *
create_ctescan_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
Path *subpath, CdbPathLocus locus,
List *pathkeys,
Relids required_outer)
{
CtePath *ctepath = makeNode(CtePath);
Path *pathnode = &ctepath->path;
pathnode->pathtype = T_CteScan;
pathnode->parent = rel;
pathnode->pathtarget = rel->reltarget;
pathnode->param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
required_outer);
pathnode->parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel;
pathnode->parallel_workers = 0;
// GPDB_96_MERGE_FIXME: Why do we set pathkeys in GPDB, but not in Postgres?
// pathnode->pathkeys = NIL; /* XXX for now, result is always unordered */
pathnode->pathkeys = pathkeys;
pathnode->locus = locus;
/*
* We can't extract these two values from the subplan, so we simple set
* them to their worst case here.
*
* GPDB_96_MERGE_FIXME: we do have the subpath, at least if it's not a
* shared cte
*/
pathnode->motionHazard = true;
pathnode->rescannable = false;
pathnode->sameslice_relids = NULL;
if (subpath)
{
/* copy the cost estimates from the subpath */
double numsegments;
if (CdbPathLocus_IsPartitioned(locus))
numsegments = CdbPathLocus_NumSegments(locus);
else
numsegments = 1;
pathnode->rows = clamp_row_est(rel->rows / numsegments);
pathnode->startup_cost = subpath->startup_cost;
pathnode->total_cost = subpath->total_cost;
ctepath->subpath = subpath;
}
else
{
/* Shared scan. We'll use the cost estimates from the CTE rel. */
cost_ctescan(pathnode, root, rel, pathnode->param_info);
}
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_namedtuplestorescan_path
* Creates a path corresponding to a scan of a named tuplestore, returning
* the pathnode.
*/
Path *
create_namedtuplestorescan_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
Relids required_outer)
{
Path *pathnode = makeNode(Path);
pathnode->pathtype = T_NamedTuplestoreScan;
pathnode->parent = rel;
pathnode->pathtarget = rel->reltarget;
pathnode->param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
required_outer);
pathnode->parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel;
pathnode->parallel_workers = 0;
pathnode->pathkeys = NIL; /* result is always unordered */
cost_namedtuplestorescan(pathnode, root, rel, pathnode->param_info);
/*
* When this is used in triggers that run on QEs, the locus is ignored
* and the scan is executed locally on the QE anyway. On QD, it's not
* clear if named tuplestores are populated correctly in triggers, but if
* it does work t all, Entry seems most appropriate.
*/
CdbPathLocus_MakeEntry(&pathnode->locus);
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_resultscan_path
* Creates a path corresponding to a scan of an RTE_RESULT relation,
* returning the pathnode.
*/
Path *
create_resultscan_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
Relids required_outer)
{
Path *pathnode = makeNode(Path);
pathnode->pathtype = T_Result;
pathnode->parent = rel;
pathnode->pathtarget = rel->reltarget;
pathnode->param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
required_outer);
pathnode->parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel;
pathnode->parallel_workers = 0;
pathnode->pathkeys = NIL; /* result is always unordered */
{
char exec_location;
exec_location = check_execute_on_functions((Node *) rel->reltarget->exprs);
/*
* A function with EXECUTE ON { COORDINATOR | ALL SEGMENTS } attribute
* must be a set-returning function, a subquery has set-returning
* functions in tlist can't be pulled up as RTE_RESULT relation.
*/
Assert(exec_location == PROEXECLOCATION_ANY);
CdbPathLocus_MakeGeneral(&pathnode->locus);
}
cost_resultscan(pathnode, root, rel, pathnode->param_info);
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_worktablescan_path
* Creates a path corresponding to a scan of a self-reference CTE,
* returning the pathnode.
*/
Path *
create_worktablescan_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
CdbPathLocus ctelocus,
Relids required_outer)
{
Path *pathnode = makeNode(Path);
pathnode->pathtype = T_WorkTableScan;
pathnode->parent = rel;
pathnode->pathtarget = rel->reltarget;
pathnode->param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
required_outer);
pathnode->parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel;
pathnode->parallel_workers = 0;
pathnode->pathkeys = NIL; /* result is always unordered */
pathnode->locus = ctelocus;
pathnode->motionHazard = false;
pathnode->rescannable = true;
pathnode->sameslice_relids = rel->relids;
/* Cost is the same as for a regular CTE scan */
cost_ctescan(pathnode, root, rel, pathnode->param_info);
return pathnode;
}
bool
path_contains_inner_index(Path *path)
{
if (IsA(path, IndexPath))
return true;
else if (IsA(path, BitmapHeapPath))
return true;
else if (IsA(path, AppendPath))
{
/* MPP-2377: Append paths may conceal inner-index scans, if
* any of the subpaths are indexpaths or bitmapheap-paths we
* have to do more checking */
ListCell *l;
/* scan the subpaths of the Append */
foreach(l, ((AppendPath *)path)->subpaths)
{
Path *subpath = (Path *)lfirst(l);
if (path_contains_inner_index(subpath))
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/*
* create_foreignscan_path
* Creates a path corresponding to a scan of a foreign base table,
* returning the pathnode.
*
* This function is never called from core Postgres; rather, it's expected
* to be called by the GetForeignPaths function of a foreign data wrapper.
* We make the FDW supply all fields of the path, since we do not have any way
* to calculate them in core. However, there is a usually-sane default for
* the pathtarget (rel->reltarget), so we let a NULL for "target" select that.
*/
ForeignPath *
create_foreignscan_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
PathTarget *target,
double rows, Cost startup_cost, Cost total_cost,
List *pathkeys,
Relids required_outer,
Path *fdw_outerpath,
List *fdw_private)
{
ForeignPath *pathnode = makeNode(ForeignPath);
/* Historically some FDWs were confused about when to use this */
Assert(IS_SIMPLE_REL(rel));
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_ForeignScan;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = target ? target : rel->reltarget;
pathnode->path.param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
required_outer);
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = 0;
pathnode->path.rows = rows;
pathnode->path.startup_cost = startup_cost;
pathnode->path.total_cost = total_cost;
pathnode->path.pathkeys = pathkeys;
if (Gp_role == GP_ROLE_DISPATCH)
{
ForeignServer *server = NULL;
switch (rel->exec_location)
{
case FTEXECLOCATION_ANY:
CdbPathLocus_MakeGeneral(&(pathnode->path.locus));
break;
case FTEXECLOCATION_ALL_SEGMENTS:
server = GetForeignServer(rel->serverid);
if (server)
CdbPathLocus_MakeStrewn(&(pathnode->path.locus), server->num_segments);
else
CdbPathLocus_MakeStrewn(&(pathnode->path.locus), getgpsegmentCount());
break;
case FTEXECLOCATION_COORDINATOR:
CdbPathLocus_MakeEntry(&(pathnode->path.locus));
break;
default:
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized exec_location '%c'", rel->exec_location);
}
}
else
{
/* make entry locus for utility role */
CdbPathLocus_MakeEntry(&(pathnode->path.locus));
}
pathnode->fdw_outerpath = fdw_outerpath;
pathnode->fdw_private = fdw_private;
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_foreign_join_path
* Creates a path corresponding to a scan of a foreign join,
* returning the pathnode.
*
* This function is never called from core Postgres; rather, it's expected
* to be called by the GetForeignJoinPaths function of a foreign data wrapper.
* We make the FDW supply all fields of the path, since we do not have any way
* to calculate them in core. However, there is a usually-sane default for
* the pathtarget (rel->reltarget), so we let a NULL for "target" select that.
*/
ForeignPath *
create_foreign_join_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
PathTarget *target,
double rows, Cost startup_cost, Cost total_cost,
List *pathkeys,
Relids required_outer,
Path *fdw_outerpath,
List *fdw_private)
{
ForeignPath *pathnode = makeNode(ForeignPath);
/*
* We should use get_joinrel_parampathinfo to handle parameterized paths,
* but the API of this function doesn't support it, and existing
* extensions aren't yet trying to build such paths anyway. For the
* moment just throw an error if someone tries it; eventually we should
* revisit this.
*/
if (!bms_is_empty(required_outer) || !bms_is_empty(rel->lateral_relids))
elog(ERROR, "parameterized foreign joins are not supported yet");
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_ForeignScan;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = target ? target : rel->reltarget;
pathnode->path.param_info = NULL; /* XXX see above */
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = 0;
pathnode->path.rows = rows;
pathnode->path.startup_cost = startup_cost;
pathnode->path.total_cost = total_cost;
pathnode->path.pathkeys = pathkeys;
ForeignServer *server = NULL;
switch (rel->exec_location)
{
case FTEXECLOCATION_ANY:
CdbPathLocus_MakeGeneral(&(pathnode->path.locus));
break;
case FTEXECLOCATION_ALL_SEGMENTS:
server = GetForeignServer(rel->serverid);
if (server)
CdbPathLocus_MakeStrewn(&(pathnode->path.locus), server->num_segments);
else
CdbPathLocus_MakeStrewn(&(pathnode->path.locus), getgpsegmentCount());
break;
case FTEXECLOCATION_COORDINATOR:
CdbPathLocus_MakeEntry(&(pathnode->path.locus));
break;
default:
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized exec_location '%c'", rel->exec_location);
}
pathnode->fdw_outerpath = fdw_outerpath;
pathnode->fdw_private = fdw_private;
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_foreign_upper_path
* Creates a path corresponding to an upper relation that's computed
* directly by an FDW, returning the pathnode.
*
* This function is never called from core Postgres; rather, it's expected to
* be called by the GetForeignUpperPaths function of a foreign data wrapper.
* We make the FDW supply all fields of the path, since we do not have any way
* to calculate them in core. However, there is a usually-sane default for
* the pathtarget (rel->reltarget), so we let a NULL for "target" select that.
*/
ForeignPath *
create_foreign_upper_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
PathTarget *target,
double rows, Cost startup_cost, Cost total_cost,
List *pathkeys,
Path *fdw_outerpath,
List *fdw_private)
{
ForeignPath *pathnode = makeNode(ForeignPath);
/*
* Upper relations should never have any lateral references, since joining
* is complete.
*/
Assert(bms_is_empty(rel->lateral_relids));
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_ForeignScan;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = target ? target : rel->reltarget;
pathnode->path.param_info = NULL;
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = 0;
pathnode->path.rows = rows;
pathnode->path.startup_cost = startup_cost;
pathnode->path.total_cost = total_cost;
pathnode->path.pathkeys = pathkeys;
switch (rel->exec_location)
{
case FTEXECLOCATION_ANY:
CdbPathLocus_MakeGeneral(&(pathnode->path.locus));
break;
case FTEXECLOCATION_ALL_SEGMENTS:
CdbPathLocus_MakeStrewn(&(pathnode->path.locus), getgpsegmentCount());
break;
case FTEXECLOCATION_COORDINATOR:
CdbPathLocus_MakeEntry(&(pathnode->path.locus));
break;
default:
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized exec_location '%c'", rel->exec_location);
}
pathnode->fdw_outerpath = fdw_outerpath;
pathnode->fdw_private = fdw_private;
return pathnode;
}
/*
* calc_nestloop_required_outer
* Compute the required_outer set for a nestloop join path
*
* Note: result must not share storage with either input
*/
Relids
calc_nestloop_required_outer(Relids outerrelids,
Relids outer_paramrels,
Relids innerrelids,
Relids inner_paramrels)
{
Relids required_outer;
/* inner_path can require rels from outer path, but not vice versa */
Assert(!bms_overlap(outer_paramrels, innerrelids));
/* easy case if inner path is not parameterized */
if (!inner_paramrels)
return bms_copy(outer_paramrels);
/* else, form the union ... */
required_outer = bms_union(outer_paramrels, inner_paramrels);
/* ... and remove any mention of now-satisfied outer rels */
required_outer = bms_del_members(required_outer,
outerrelids);
/* maintain invariant that required_outer is exactly NULL if empty */
if (bms_is_empty(required_outer))
{
bms_free(required_outer);
required_outer = NULL;
}
return required_outer;
}
/*
* calc_non_nestloop_required_outer
* Compute the required_outer set for a merge or hash join path
*
* Note: result must not share storage with either input
*/
Relids
calc_non_nestloop_required_outer(Path *outer_path, Path *inner_path)
{
Relids outer_paramrels = PATH_REQ_OUTER(outer_path);
Relids inner_paramrels = PATH_REQ_OUTER(inner_path);
Relids required_outer;
/* neither path can require rels from the other */
Assert(!bms_overlap(outer_paramrels, inner_path->parent->relids));
Assert(!bms_overlap(inner_paramrels, outer_path->parent->relids));
/* form the union ... */
required_outer = bms_union(outer_paramrels, inner_paramrels);
/* we do not need an explicit test for empty; bms_union gets it right */
return required_outer;
}
/*
* create_nestloop_path
* Creates a pathnode corresponding to a nestloop join between two
* relations.
*
* 'joinrel' is the join relation.
* 'jointype' is the type of join required
* 'workspace' is the result from initial_cost_nestloop
* 'extra' contains various information about the join
* 'outer_path' is the outer path
* 'inner_path' is the inner path
* 'restrict_clauses' are the RestrictInfo nodes to apply at the join
* 'pathkeys' are the path keys of the new join path
* 'required_outer' is the set of required outer rels
*
* Returns the resulting path node.
*/
Path *
create_nestloop_path(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *joinrel,
JoinType jointype,
JoinType orig_jointype, /* CDB */
JoinCostWorkspace *workspace,
JoinPathExtraData *extra,
Path *outer_path,
Path *inner_path,
List *restrict_clauses,
List *redistribution_clauses, /* CDB */
List *pathkeys,
Relids required_outer)
{
NestPath *pathnode;
CdbPathLocus join_locus;
Relids outer_req_outer = PATH_REQ_OUTER(outer_path);
bool outer_must_be_local = !bms_is_empty(outer_req_outer);
Relids inner_req_outer = PATH_REQ_OUTER(inner_path);
bool inner_must_be_local = !bms_is_empty(inner_req_outer);
int rowidexpr_id;
/* Add motion nodes above subpaths and decide where to join. */
join_locus = cdbpath_motion_for_join(root,
orig_jointype,
&outer_path, /* INOUT */
&inner_path, /* INOUT */
&rowidexpr_id, /* OUT */
redistribution_clauses,
restrict_clauses,
pathkeys,
NIL,
outer_must_be_local,
inner_must_be_local);
if (CdbPathLocus_IsNull(join_locus))
return NULL;
/* Outer might not be ordered anymore after motion. */
if (!outer_path->pathkeys)
pathkeys = NIL;
/*
* If this join path is parameterized by a parameter above this path, then
* this path needs to be rescannable. A NestLoop is rescannable, when both
* outer and inner paths rescannable, so make them both rescannable.
*/
if (!outer_path->rescannable && !bms_is_empty(required_outer))
{
MaterialPath *matouter = create_material_path(root, outer_path->parent, outer_path);
matouter->cdb_shield_child_from_rescans = true;
outer_path = (Path *) matouter;
}
/*
* If outer has at most one row, NJ will make at most one pass over inner.
* Else materialize inner rel after motion so NJ can loop over results.
*/
if (!inner_path->rescannable && !bms_is_empty(required_outer))
{
/*
* NLs potentially rescan the inner; if our inner path
* isn't rescannable we have to add a materialize node
*/
MaterialPath *matinner = create_material_path(root, inner_path->parent, inner_path);
matinner->cdb_shield_child_from_rescans = true;
/*
* If we have motion on the outer, to avoid a deadlock; we
* need to set cdb_strict. In order for materialize to
* fully fetch the underlying (required to avoid our
* deadlock hazard) we must set cdb_strict!
*/
if (inner_path->motionHazard && outer_path->motionHazard)
{
matinner->cdb_strict = true;
matinner->path.motionHazard = false;
}
inner_path = (Path *) matinner;
}
/*
* If the inner path is parameterized by the outer, we must drop any
* restrict_clauses that are due to be moved into the inner path. We have
* to do this now, rather than postpone the work till createplan time,
* because the restrict_clauses list can affect the size and cost
* estimates for this path.
*/
if (bms_overlap(inner_req_outer, outer_path->parent->relids))
{
Relids inner_and_outer = bms_union(inner_path->parent->relids,
inner_req_outer);
List *jclauses = NIL;
ListCell *lc;
foreach(lc, restrict_clauses)
{
RestrictInfo *rinfo = (RestrictInfo *) lfirst(lc);
if (!join_clause_is_movable_into(rinfo,
inner_path->parent->relids,
inner_and_outer))
jclauses = lappend(jclauses, rinfo);
}
restrict_clauses = jclauses;
}
pathnode = makeNode(NestPath);
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_NestLoop;
pathnode->path.parent = joinrel;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = joinrel->reltarget;
pathnode->path.param_info =
get_joinrel_parampathinfo(root,
joinrel,
outer_path,
inner_path,
extra->sjinfo,
required_outer,
&restrict_clauses);
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = joinrel->consider_parallel &&
outer_path->parallel_safe && inner_path->parallel_safe;
/* This is a foolish way to estimate parallel_workers, but for now... */
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = outer_path->parallel_workers;
pathnode->path.pathkeys = pathkeys;
pathnode->jointype = jointype;
pathnode->inner_unique = extra->inner_unique;
pathnode->outerjoinpath = outer_path;
pathnode->innerjoinpath = inner_path;
pathnode->joinrestrictinfo = restrict_clauses;
pathnode->path.locus = join_locus;
pathnode->path.motionHazard = outer_path->motionHazard || inner_path->motionHazard;
/* we're only as rescannable as our child plans */
pathnode->path.rescannable = outer_path->rescannable && inner_path->rescannable;
pathnode->path.sameslice_relids = bms_union(inner_path->sameslice_relids, outer_path->sameslice_relids);
/*
* inner_path & outer_path are possibly modified above. Let's recalculate
* the initial cost.
*/
initial_cost_nestloop(root, workspace, jointype,
outer_path, inner_path,
extra);
final_cost_nestloop(root, pathnode, workspace, extra);
if (orig_jointype == JOIN_DEDUP_SEMI ||
orig_jointype == JOIN_DEDUP_SEMI_REVERSE)
{
return (Path *) create_unique_rowid_path(root,
joinrel,
(Path *) pathnode,
pathnode->innerjoinpath->parent->relids,
rowidexpr_id);
}
/*
* Greenplum specific behavior:
* If we find the join locus is general or segmentgeneral,
* we should check the joinqual, if it contains volatile functions
* we have to turn the join path to singleQE.
*
* NB: we do not add this logic in the above create_unique_rowid_path
* code block, the reason is:
* create_unique_rowid_path is a technique to implement semi join
* using normal join, it can only happens for sublink query:
* 1. if the sublink query contains volatile target list or havingQual
* it cannot be pulled up in pull_up_subquery, so it will be a
* subselect and be handled in the function set_subquery_pathlist
* 2. if the sublink query contains volatile functions in joinqual
* or where clause, it will be handled in set_rel_pathlist and
* here.
*/
return turn_volatile_seggen_to_singleqe(root,
(Path *) pathnode,
(Node *) (pathnode->joinrestrictinfo));
}
/*
* create_mergejoin_path
* Creates a pathnode corresponding to a mergejoin join between
* two relations
*
* 'joinrel' is the join relation
* 'jointype' is the type of join required
* 'workspace' is the result from initial_cost_mergejoin
* 'extra' contains various information about the join
* 'outer_path' is the outer path
* 'inner_path' is the inner path
* 'restrict_clauses' are the RestrictInfo nodes to apply at the join
* 'pathkeys' are the path keys of the new join path
* 'required_outer' is the set of required outer rels
* 'mergeclauses' are the RestrictInfo nodes to use as merge clauses
* (this should be a subset of the restrict_clauses list)
* 'allmergeclauses' are the RestrictInfo nodes that are of the form
* required of merge clauses (equijoin between outer and inner rel).
* Consists of the ones to be used for merging ('mergeclauses') plus
* any others in 'restrict_clauses' that are to be applied after the
* merge. We use them for motion planning. (CDB)
* 'outersortkeys' are the sort varkeys for the outer relation
* or NIL to use existing ordering
* 'innersortkeys' are the sort varkeys for the inner relation
* or NIL to use existing ordering
*/
Path *
create_mergejoin_path(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *joinrel,
JoinType jointype,
JoinType orig_jointype, /* CDB */
JoinCostWorkspace *workspace,
JoinPathExtraData *extra,
Path *outer_path,
Path *inner_path,
List *restrict_clauses,
List *pathkeys,
Relids required_outer,
List *mergeclauses,
List *redistribution_clauses, /* CDB */
List *outersortkeys,
List *innersortkeys)
{
MergePath *pathnode = makeNode(MergePath);
CdbPathLocus join_locus;
List *outermotionkeys;
List *innermotionkeys;
bool preserve_outer_ordering;
bool preserve_inner_ordering;
int rowidexpr_id;
/*
* GPDB_92_MERGE_FIXME: Should we keep the pathkeys_contained_in calls?
*/
/*
* Do subpaths have useful ordering?
*/
if (outersortkeys == NIL) /* must preserve existing ordering */
outermotionkeys = outer_path->pathkeys;
else if (pathkeys_contained_in(outersortkeys, outer_path->pathkeys))
outermotionkeys = outersortkeys;/* lucky coincidence, already ordered */
else /* existing order useless; must sort */
outermotionkeys = NIL;
if (innersortkeys == NIL)
innermotionkeys = inner_path->pathkeys;
else if (pathkeys_contained_in(innersortkeys, inner_path->pathkeys))
innermotionkeys = innersortkeys;
else
innermotionkeys = NIL;
/*
* Add motion nodes above subpaths and decide where to join.
*
* If we're explicitly sorting one or both sides of the join, don't choose
* a Motion that would break that ordering again. But as a special case,
* if there are no merge clauses, then there is no join order that would need
* preserving. That case can occur with a query like "a FULL JOIN b ON true"
*/
if (mergeclauses)
{
preserve_outer_ordering = (outersortkeys == NIL);
preserve_inner_ordering = (innersortkeys == NIL);
}
else
preserve_outer_ordering = preserve_inner_ordering = false;
preserve_outer_ordering = preserve_outer_ordering || !bms_is_empty(PATH_REQ_OUTER(outer_path));
preserve_inner_ordering = preserve_inner_ordering || !bms_is_empty(PATH_REQ_OUTER(inner_path));
join_locus = cdbpath_motion_for_join(root,
orig_jointype,
&outer_path, /* INOUT */
&inner_path, /* INOUT */
&rowidexpr_id,
redistribution_clauses,
restrict_clauses,
outermotionkeys,
innermotionkeys,
preserve_outer_ordering,
preserve_inner_ordering);
if (CdbPathLocus_IsNull(join_locus))
return NULL;
/*
* Sort is not needed if subpath is already well enough ordered and a
* disordering motion node (with pathkeys == NIL) hasn't been added.
*/
if (outermotionkeys &&
outer_path->pathkeys)
outersortkeys = NIL;
if (innermotionkeys &&
inner_path->pathkeys)
innersortkeys = NIL;
pathnode->jpath.path.pathtype = T_MergeJoin;
pathnode->jpath.path.parent = joinrel;
pathnode->jpath.path.pathtarget = joinrel->reltarget;
pathnode->jpath.path.param_info =
get_joinrel_parampathinfo(root,
joinrel,
outer_path,
inner_path,
extra->sjinfo,
required_outer,
&restrict_clauses);
pathnode->jpath.path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->jpath.path.parallel_safe = joinrel->consider_parallel &&
outer_path->parallel_safe && inner_path->parallel_safe;
/* This is a foolish way to estimate parallel_workers, but for now... */
pathnode->jpath.path.parallel_workers = outer_path->parallel_workers;
pathnode->jpath.path.pathkeys = pathkeys;
pathnode->jpath.path.locus = join_locus;
pathnode->jpath.path.motionHazard = outer_path->motionHazard || inner_path->motionHazard;
pathnode->jpath.path.rescannable = outer_path->rescannable && inner_path->rescannable;
pathnode->jpath.path.sameslice_relids = bms_union(inner_path->sameslice_relids, outer_path->sameslice_relids);
pathnode->jpath.jointype = jointype;
pathnode->jpath.inner_unique = extra->inner_unique;
pathnode->jpath.outerjoinpath = outer_path;
pathnode->jpath.innerjoinpath = inner_path;
pathnode->jpath.joinrestrictinfo = restrict_clauses;
pathnode->path_mergeclauses = mergeclauses;
pathnode->outersortkeys = outersortkeys;
pathnode->innersortkeys = innersortkeys;
/* pathnode->skip_mark_restore will be set by final_cost_mergejoin */
/* pathnode->materialize_inner will be set by final_cost_mergejoin */
/*
* inner_path & outer_path are possibly modified above. Let's recalculate
* the initial cost.
*/
initial_cost_mergejoin(root, workspace, jointype, mergeclauses,
outer_path, inner_path,
outersortkeys, innersortkeys,
extra);
final_cost_mergejoin(root, pathnode, workspace, extra);
if (orig_jointype == JOIN_DEDUP_SEMI ||
orig_jointype == JOIN_DEDUP_SEMI_REVERSE)
{
return (Path *) create_unique_rowid_path(root,
joinrel,
(Path *) pathnode,
pathnode->jpath.innerjoinpath->parent->relids,
rowidexpr_id);
}
/*
* See the comments at the end of create_nestloop_path.
*/
return turn_volatile_seggen_to_singleqe(root,
(Path *) pathnode,
(Node *) (pathnode->jpath.joinrestrictinfo));
}
/*
* create_hashjoin_path
* Creates a pathnode corresponding to a hash join between two relations.
*
* 'joinrel' is the join relation
* 'jointype' is the type of join required
* 'workspace' is the result from initial_cost_hashjoin
* 'extra' contains various information about the join
* 'outer_path' is the cheapest outer path
* 'inner_path' is the cheapest inner path
* 'parallel_hash' to select Parallel Hash of inner path (shared hash table)
* 'restrict_clauses' are the RestrictInfo nodes to apply at the join
* 'required_outer' is the set of required outer rels
* 'hashclauses' are the RestrictInfo nodes to use as hash clauses
* (this should be a subset of the restrict_clauses list)
*/
Path *
create_hashjoin_path(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *joinrel,
JoinType jointype,
JoinType orig_jointype, /* CDB */
JoinCostWorkspace *workspace,
JoinPathExtraData *extra,
Path *outer_path,
Path *inner_path,
bool parallel_hash,
List *restrict_clauses,
Relids required_outer,
List *redistribution_clauses, /* CDB */
List *hashclauses)
{
HashPath *pathnode;
CdbPathLocus join_locus;
bool outer_must_be_local = !bms_is_empty(PATH_REQ_OUTER(outer_path));
bool inner_must_be_local = !bms_is_empty(PATH_REQ_OUTER(inner_path));
int rowidexpr_id;
/* Add motion nodes above subpaths and decide where to join. */
join_locus = cdbpath_motion_for_join(root,
orig_jointype,
&outer_path, /* INOUT */
&inner_path, /* INOUT */
&rowidexpr_id,
redistribution_clauses,
restrict_clauses,
NIL, /* don't care about ordering */
NIL,
outer_must_be_local,
inner_must_be_local);
if (CdbPathLocus_IsNull(join_locus))
return NULL;
/*
* CDB: If gp_enable_hashjoin_size_heuristic is set, disallow inner
* joins where the inner rel is the larger of the two inputs.
*
* Note cdbpath_motion_for_join() has to precede this so we can get
* the right row count, in case Broadcast Motion is inserted above an
* input path.
*/
if (jointype == JOIN_INNER && gp_enable_hashjoin_size_heuristic)
{
double outersize;
double innersize;
outersize = ExecHashRowSize(outer_path->parent->reltarget->width) *
outer_path->rows;
innersize = ExecHashRowSize(inner_path->parent->reltarget->width) *
inner_path->rows;
if (innersize > outersize)
return NULL;
}
pathnode = makeNode(HashPath);
pathnode->jpath.path.pathtype = T_HashJoin;
pathnode->jpath.path.parent = joinrel;
pathnode->jpath.path.pathtarget = joinrel->reltarget;
pathnode->jpath.path.param_info =
get_joinrel_parampathinfo(root,
joinrel,
outer_path,
inner_path,
extra->sjinfo,
required_outer,
&restrict_clauses);
pathnode->jpath.path.parallel_aware =
joinrel->consider_parallel && parallel_hash;
pathnode->jpath.path.parallel_safe = joinrel->consider_parallel &&
outer_path->parallel_safe && inner_path->parallel_safe;
/* This is a foolish way to estimate parallel_workers, but for now... */
pathnode->jpath.path.parallel_workers = outer_path->parallel_workers;
/*
* A hashjoin never has pathkeys, since its output ordering is
* unpredictable due to possible batching. XXX If the inner relation is
* small enough, we could instruct the executor that it must not batch,
* and then we could assume that the output inherits the outer relation's
* ordering, which might save a sort step. However there is considerable
* downside if our estimate of the inner relation size is badly off. For
* the moment we don't risk it. (Note also that if we wanted to take this
* seriously, joinpath.c would have to consider many more paths for the
* outer rel than it does now.)
*/
pathnode->jpath.path.pathkeys = NIL;
pathnode->jpath.path.locus = join_locus;
pathnode->jpath.jointype = jointype;
pathnode->jpath.inner_unique = extra->inner_unique;
pathnode->jpath.outerjoinpath = outer_path;
pathnode->jpath.innerjoinpath = inner_path;
pathnode->jpath.joinrestrictinfo = restrict_clauses;
pathnode->path_hashclauses = hashclauses;
/* final_cost_hashjoin will fill in pathnode->num_batches */
/*
* If hash table overflows to disk, and an ancestor node requests rescan
* (e.g. because the HJ is in the inner subtree of a NJ), then the HJ has
* to be redone, including rescanning the inner rel in order to rebuild
* the hash table.
*/
pathnode->jpath.path.rescannable = outer_path->rescannable && inner_path->rescannable;
/* see the comment above; we may have a motion hazard on our inner ?! */
if (pathnode->jpath.path.rescannable)
pathnode->jpath.path.motionHazard = outer_path->motionHazard;
else
pathnode->jpath.path.motionHazard = outer_path->motionHazard || inner_path->motionHazard;
pathnode->jpath.path.sameslice_relids = bms_union(inner_path->sameslice_relids, outer_path->sameslice_relids);
/*
* inner_path & outer_path are possibly modified above. Let's recalculate
* the initial cost.
*/
initial_cost_hashjoin(root, workspace, jointype, hashclauses,
outer_path, inner_path,
extra, parallel_hash);
final_cost_hashjoin(root, pathnode, workspace, extra);
if (orig_jointype == JOIN_DEDUP_SEMI ||
orig_jointype == JOIN_DEDUP_SEMI_REVERSE)
{
return (Path *) create_unique_rowid_path(root,
joinrel,
(Path *) pathnode,
pathnode->jpath.innerjoinpath->parent->relids,
rowidexpr_id);
}
/*
* See the comments at the end of create_nestloop_path.
*/
return turn_volatile_seggen_to_singleqe(root,
(Path *) pathnode,
(Node *) (pathnode->jpath.joinrestrictinfo));
}
/*
* create_projection_path
* Creates a pathnode that represents performing a projection.
*
* 'rel' is the parent relation associated with the result
* 'subpath' is the path representing the source of data
* 'target' is the PathTarget to be computed
*/
ProjectionPath *
create_projection_path(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *rel,
Path *subpath,
PathTarget *target)
{
return create_projection_path_with_quals(root, rel,
subpath, target,
NIL, false);
}
ProjectionPath *
create_projection_path_with_quals(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *rel,
Path *subpath,
PathTarget *target,
List *restrict_clauses,
bool need_param)
{
ProjectionPath *pathnode = makeNode(ProjectionPath);
PathTarget *oldtarget = subpath->pathtarget;
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_Result;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = target;
pathnode->path.param_info = need_param ? subpath->param_info : NULL;
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel &&
subpath->parallel_safe &&
is_parallel_safe(root, (Node *) target->exprs);
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = subpath->parallel_workers;
/* Projection does not change the sort order */
pathnode->path.pathkeys = subpath->pathkeys;
pathnode->path.locus = subpath->locus;
pathnode->path.sameslice_relids = subpath->sameslice_relids;
pathnode->subpath = subpath;
/*
* We might not need a separate Result node. If the input plan node type
* can project, we can just tell it to project something else. Or, if it
* can't project but the desired target has the same expression list as
* what the input will produce anyway, we can still give it the desired
* tlist (possibly changing its ressortgroupref labels, but nothing else).
* Note: in the latter case, create_projection_plan has to recheck our
* conclusion; see comments therein.
*
* GPDB: The 'restrict_clauses' is a GPDB addition. If the subpath supports
* Filters, we could push them down too. But currently this is only used on
* top of Material paths, which don't support it, so it doesn't matter.
*/
if (!restrict_clauses &&
(is_projection_capable_path(subpath) ||
equal(oldtarget->exprs, target->exprs)))
{
/* No separate Result node needed */
pathnode->dummypp = true;
/*
* Set cost of plan as subpath's cost, adjusted for tlist replacement.
*/
pathnode->path.rows = subpath->rows;
pathnode->path.startup_cost = subpath->startup_cost +
(target->cost.startup - oldtarget->cost.startup);
pathnode->path.total_cost = subpath->total_cost +
(target->cost.startup - oldtarget->cost.startup) +
(target->cost.per_tuple - oldtarget->cost.per_tuple) * subpath->rows;
}
else
{
/* We really do need the Result node */
pathnode->dummypp = false;
/*
* The Result node's cost is cpu_tuple_cost per row, plus the cost of
* evaluating the tlist. There is no qual to worry about.
*/
pathnode->path.rows = subpath->rows;
pathnode->path.startup_cost = subpath->startup_cost +
target->cost.startup;
pathnode->path.total_cost = subpath->total_cost +
target->cost.startup +
(cpu_tuple_cost + target->cost.per_tuple) * subpath->rows;
pathnode->cdb_restrict_clauses = restrict_clauses;
}
return pathnode;
}
/*
* apply_projection_to_path
* Add a projection step, or just apply the target directly to given path.
*
* This has the same net effect as create_projection_path(), except that if
* a separate Result plan node isn't needed, we just replace the given path's
* pathtarget with the desired one. This must be used only when the caller
* knows that the given path isn't referenced elsewhere and so can be modified
* in-place.
*
* If the input path is a GatherPath or GatherMergePath, we try to push the
* new target down to its input as well; this is a yet more invasive
* modification of the input path, which create_projection_path() can't do.
*
* Note that we mustn't change the source path's parent link; so when it is
* add_path'd to "rel" things will be a bit inconsistent. So far that has
* not caused any trouble.
*
* 'rel' is the parent relation associated with the result
* 'path' is the path representing the source of data
* 'target' is the PathTarget to be computed
*/
Path *
apply_projection_to_path(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *rel,
Path *path,
PathTarget *target)
{
QualCost oldcost;
/*
* If given path can't project, we might need a Result node, so make a
* separate ProjectionPath.
*/
if (!is_projection_capable_path(path))
return (Path *) create_projection_path(root, rel, path, target);
/*
* We can just jam the desired tlist into the existing path, being sure to
* update its cost estimates appropriately.
*/
oldcost = path->pathtarget->cost;
path->pathtarget = target;
path->startup_cost += target->cost.startup - oldcost.startup;
path->total_cost += target->cost.startup - oldcost.startup +
(target->cost.per_tuple - oldcost.per_tuple) * path->rows;
/*
* If the path happens to be a Gather or GatherMerge path, we'd like to
* arrange for the subpath to return the required target list so that
* workers can help project. But if there is something that is not
* parallel-safe in the target expressions, then we can't.
*/
if ((IsA(path, GatherPath) ||IsA(path, GatherMergePath)) &&
is_parallel_safe(root, (Node *) target->exprs))
{
/*
* We always use create_projection_path here, even if the subpath is
* projection-capable, so as to avoid modifying the subpath in place.
* It seems unlikely at present that there could be any other
* references to the subpath, but better safe than sorry.
*
* Note that we don't change the parallel path's cost estimates; it
* might be appropriate to do so, to reflect the fact that the bulk of
* the target evaluation will happen in workers.
*/
if (IsA(path, GatherPath))
{
GatherPath *gpath = (GatherPath *) path;
gpath->subpath = (Path *)
create_projection_path(root,
gpath->subpath->parent,
gpath->subpath,
target);
}
else
{
GatherMergePath *gmpath = (GatherMergePath *) path;
gmpath->subpath = (Path *)
create_projection_path(root,
gmpath->subpath->parent,
gmpath->subpath,
target);
}
}
else if (path->parallel_safe &&
!is_parallel_safe(root, (Node *) target->exprs))
{
/*
* We're inserting a parallel-restricted target list into a path
* currently marked parallel-safe, so we have to mark it as no longer
* safe.
*/
path->parallel_safe = false;
}
return path;
}
/*
* create_set_projection_path
* Creates a pathnode that represents performing a projection that
* includes set-returning functions.
*
* 'rel' is the parent relation associated with the result
* 'subpath' is the path representing the source of data
* 'target' is the PathTarget to be computed
*/
ProjectSetPath *
create_set_projection_path(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *rel,
Path *subpath,
PathTarget *target)
{
ProjectSetPath *pathnode = makeNode(ProjectSetPath);
double tlist_rows;
ListCell *lc;
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_ProjectSet;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = target;
/* For now, assume we are above any joins, so no parameterization */
pathnode->path.param_info = NULL;
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel &&
subpath->parallel_safe &&
is_parallel_safe(root, (Node *) target->exprs);
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = subpath->parallel_workers;
/* Projection does not change the sort order XXX? */
pathnode->path.pathkeys = subpath->pathkeys;
pathnode->path.locus = subpath->locus;
pathnode->subpath = subpath;
/*
* Estimate number of rows produced by SRFs for each row of input; if
* there's more than one in this node, use the maximum.
*/
tlist_rows = 1;
foreach(lc, target->exprs)
{
Node *node = (Node *) lfirst(lc);
double itemrows;
itemrows = expression_returns_set_rows(root, node);
if (tlist_rows < itemrows)
tlist_rows = itemrows;
}
/*
* In addition to the cost of evaluating the tlist, charge cpu_tuple_cost
* per input row, and half of cpu_tuple_cost for each added output row.
* This is slightly bizarre maybe, but it's what 9.6 did; we may revisit
* this estimate later.
*/
pathnode->path.rows = subpath->rows * tlist_rows;
pathnode->path.startup_cost = subpath->startup_cost +
target->cost.startup;
pathnode->path.total_cost = subpath->total_cost +
target->cost.startup +
(cpu_tuple_cost + target->cost.per_tuple) * subpath->rows +
(pathnode->path.rows - subpath->rows) * cpu_tuple_cost / 2;
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_sort_path
* Creates a pathnode that represents performing an explicit sort.
*
* 'rel' is the parent relation associated with the result
* 'subpath' is the path representing the source of data
* 'pathkeys' represents the desired sort order
* 'limit_tuples' is the estimated bound on the number of output tuples,
* or -1 if no LIMIT or couldn't estimate
*/
SortPath *
create_sort_path(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *rel,
Path *subpath,
List *pathkeys,
double limit_tuples)
{
SortPath *pathnode = makeNode(SortPath);
Assert(pathkeys != NIL);
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_Sort;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
/* Sort doesn't project, so use source path's pathtarget */
pathnode->path.pathtarget = subpath->pathtarget;
/* For now, assume we are above any joins, so no parameterization */
pathnode->path.param_info = NULL;
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel &&
subpath->parallel_safe;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = subpath->parallel_workers;
pathnode->path.pathkeys = pathkeys;
pathnode->path.locus = subpath->locus;
pathnode->subpath = subpath;
cost_sort(&pathnode->path, root, pathkeys,
subpath->total_cost,
subpath->rows,
subpath->pathtarget->width,
0.0, /* XXX comparison_cost shouldn't be 0? */
work_mem, limit_tuples);
return pathnode;
}
#ifdef NOT_USED /* Group nodes are not used in GPDB */
/*
* create_group_path
* Creates a pathnode that represents performing grouping of presorted input
*
* 'rel' is the parent relation associated with the result
* 'subpath' is the path representing the source of data
* 'target' is the PathTarget to be computed
* 'groupClause' is a list of SortGroupClause's representing the grouping
* 'qual' is the HAVING quals if any
* 'numGroups' is the estimated number of groups
*/
GroupPath *
create_group_path(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *rel,
Path *subpath,
List *groupClause,
List *qual,
double numGroups)
{
GroupPath *pathnode = makeNode(GroupPath);
PathTarget *target = rel->reltarget;
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_Group;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = target;
/* For now, assume we are above any joins, so no parameterization */
pathnode->path.param_info = NULL;
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel &&
subpath->parallel_safe;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = subpath->parallel_workers;
/* Group doesn't change sort ordering */
pathnode->path.pathkeys = subpath->pathkeys;
pathnode->subpath = subpath;
pathnode->groupClause = groupClause;
pathnode->qual = qual;
cost_group(&pathnode->path, root,
list_length(groupClause),
numGroups,
qual,
subpath->startup_cost, subpath->total_cost,
subpath->rows);
/* add tlist eval cost for each output row */
pathnode->path.startup_cost += target->cost.startup;
pathnode->path.total_cost += target->cost.startup +
target->cost.per_tuple * pathnode->path.rows;
return pathnode;
}
#endif
/*
* create_upper_unique_path
* Creates a pathnode that represents performing an explicit Unique step
* on presorted input.
*
* This produces a Unique plan node, but the use-case is so different from
* create_unique_path that it doesn't seem worth trying to merge the two.
*
* 'rel' is the parent relation associated with the result
* 'subpath' is the path representing the source of data
* 'numCols' is the number of grouping columns
* 'numGroups' is the estimated number of groups
*
* The input path must be sorted on the grouping columns, plus possibly
* additional columns; so the first numCols pathkeys are the grouping columns
*/
UpperUniquePath *
create_upper_unique_path(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *rel,
Path *subpath,
int numCols,
double numGroups)
{
UpperUniquePath *pathnode = makeNode(UpperUniquePath);
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_Unique;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
/* Unique doesn't project, so use source path's pathtarget */
pathnode->path.pathtarget = subpath->pathtarget;
/* For now, assume we are above any joins, so no parameterization */
pathnode->path.param_info = NULL;
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel &&
subpath->parallel_safe;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = subpath->parallel_workers;
/* Unique doesn't change the input ordering */
pathnode->path.pathkeys = subpath->pathkeys;
pathnode->path.locus = subpath->locus;
pathnode->subpath = subpath;
pathnode->numkeys = numCols;
/*
* Charge one cpu_operator_cost per comparison per input tuple. We assume
* all columns get compared at most of the tuples. (XXX probably this is
* an overestimate.)
*/
pathnode->path.startup_cost = subpath->startup_cost;
pathnode->path.total_cost = subpath->total_cost +
cpu_operator_cost * subpath->rows * numCols;
pathnode->path.rows = numGroups;
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_agg_path
* Creates a pathnode that represents performing aggregation/grouping
*
* 'rel' is the parent relation associated with the result
* 'subpath' is the path representing the source of data
* 'target' is the PathTarget to be computed
* 'aggstrategy' is the Agg node's basic implementation strategy
* 'aggsplit' is the Agg node's aggregate-splitting mode
* 'groupClause' is a list of SortGroupClause's representing the grouping
* 'qual' is the HAVING quals if any
* 'aggcosts' contains cost info about the aggregate functions to be computed
* 'numGroups' is the estimated number of groups (1 if not grouping)
*/
AggPath *
create_agg_path(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *rel,
Path *subpath,
PathTarget *target,
AggStrategy aggstrategy,
AggSplit aggsplit,
bool streaming,
List *groupClause,
List *qual,
const AggClauseCosts *aggcosts,
double numGroups)
{
AggPath *pathnode = makeNode(AggPath);
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_Agg;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = target;
/* For now, assume we are above any joins, so no parameterization */
pathnode->path.param_info = NULL;
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel &&
subpath->parallel_safe;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = subpath->parallel_workers;
if (aggstrategy == AGG_SORTED)
pathnode->path.pathkeys = subpath->pathkeys; /* preserves order */
else
pathnode->path.pathkeys = NIL; /* output is unordered */
pathnode->subpath = subpath;
pathnode->streaming = streaming;
pathnode->aggstrategy = aggstrategy;
pathnode->aggsplit = aggsplit;
pathnode->numGroups = numGroups;
pathnode->groupClause = groupClause;
pathnode->qual = qual;
cost_agg(&pathnode->path, root,
aggstrategy, aggcosts,
list_length(groupClause), numGroups,
qual,
subpath->startup_cost, subpath->total_cost,
subpath->rows, subpath->pathtarget->width);
/* add tlist eval cost for each output row */
pathnode->path.startup_cost += target->cost.startup;
pathnode->path.total_cost += target->cost.startup +
target->cost.per_tuple * pathnode->path.rows;
pathnode->path.locus = subpath->locus;
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_tup_split_path
* Creates a pathnode that represents performing TupleSplit
*
* 'rel' is the parent relation associated with the result
* 'subpath' is the path representing the source of data
* 'target' is the PathTarget to be computed
* 'groupClause' is a list of SortGroupClause's representing the grouping
* 'numGroups' is the estimated number of groups (1 if not grouping)
* 'bitmapset' is the bitmap of DQA expr Index in PathTarget
* 'numDisDQAs' is the number of bitmapset size
*/
TupleSplitPath *
create_tup_split_path(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *rel,
Path *subpath,
PathTarget *target,
List *groupClause,
List *dqa_expr_lst)
{
TupleSplitPath *pathnode = makeNode(TupleSplitPath);
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_TupleSplit;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = target;
/* For now, assume we are above any joins, so no parameterization */
pathnode->path.param_info = NULL;
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel &&
subpath->parallel_safe;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = subpath->parallel_workers;
pathnode->path.pathkeys = NIL;
pathnode->subpath = subpath;
pathnode->groupClause = groupClause;
pathnode->dqa_expr_lst = dqa_expr_lst;
cost_tup_split(&pathnode->path, root, list_length(dqa_expr_lst),
subpath->startup_cost, subpath->total_cost,
subpath->rows);
CdbPathLocus_MakeStrewn(&pathnode->path.locus,
subpath->locus.numsegments);
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_groupingsets_path
* Creates a pathnode that represents performing GROUPING SETS aggregation
*
* GroupingSetsPath represents sorted grouping with one or more grouping sets.
* The input path's result must be sorted to match the last entry in
* rollup_groupclauses.
*
* 'rel' is the parent relation associated with the result
* 'subpath' is the path representing the source of data
* 'target' is the PathTarget to be computed
* 'having_qual' is the HAVING quals if any
* 'rollups' is a list of RollupData nodes
* 'agg_costs' contains cost info about the aggregate functions to be computed
*/
GroupingSetsPath *
create_groupingsets_path(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *rel,
Path *subpath,
AggSplit aggsplit,
List *having_qual,
AggStrategy aggstrategy,
List *rollups,
const AggClauseCosts *agg_costs)
{
GroupingSetsPath *pathnode = makeNode(GroupingSetsPath);
PathTarget *target = rel->reltarget;
ListCell *lc;
bool is_first = true;
bool is_first_sort = true;
/* The topmost generated Plan node will be an Agg */
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_Agg;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = target;
pathnode->path.param_info = subpath->param_info;
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel &&
subpath->parallel_safe;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = subpath->parallel_workers;
pathnode->subpath = subpath;
/*
* Simplify callers by downgrading AGG_SORTED to AGG_PLAIN, and AGG_MIXED
* to AGG_HASHED, here if possible.
*/
if (aggstrategy == AGG_SORTED &&
list_length(rollups) == 1 &&
((RollupData *) linitial(rollups))->groupClause == NIL)
aggstrategy = AGG_PLAIN;
if (aggstrategy == AGG_MIXED &&
list_length(rollups) == 1)
aggstrategy = AGG_HASHED;
/*
* Output will be in sorted order by group_pathkeys if, and only if, there
* is a single rollup operation on a non-empty list of grouping
* expressions.
*/
if (aggstrategy == AGG_SORTED && list_length(rollups) == 1)
pathnode->path.pathkeys = root->group_pathkeys;
else
pathnode->path.pathkeys = NIL;
pathnode->aggsplit = aggsplit;
pathnode->aggstrategy = aggstrategy;
pathnode->rollups = rollups;
pathnode->qual = having_qual;
Assert(rollups != NIL);
Assert(aggstrategy != AGG_PLAIN || list_length(rollups) == 1);
Assert(aggstrategy != AGG_MIXED || list_length(rollups) > 1);
foreach(lc, rollups)
{
RollupData *rollup = lfirst(lc);
List *gsets = rollup->gsets;
int numGroupCols = list_length(linitial(gsets));
/*
* In AGG_SORTED or AGG_PLAIN mode, the first rollup takes the
* (already-sorted) input, and following ones do their own sort.
*
* In AGG_HASHED mode, there is one rollup for each grouping set.
*
* In AGG_MIXED mode, the first rollups are hashed, the first
* non-hashed one takes the (already-sorted) input, and following ones
* do their own sort.
*/
if (is_first)
{
cost_agg(&pathnode->path, root,
aggstrategy,
agg_costs,
numGroupCols,
estimate_num_groups_on_segment(rollup->numGroups,
subpath->rows,
subpath->locus),
having_qual,
subpath->startup_cost,
subpath->total_cost,
subpath->rows,
subpath->pathtarget->width);
is_first = false;
if (!rollup->is_hashed)
is_first_sort = false;
}
else
{
Path sort_path; /* dummy for result of cost_sort */
Path agg_path; /* dummy for result of cost_agg */
if (rollup->is_hashed || is_first_sort)
{
/*
* Account for cost of aggregation, but don't charge input
* cost again
*/
cost_agg(&agg_path, root,
rollup->is_hashed ? AGG_HASHED : AGG_SORTED,
agg_costs,
numGroupCols,
estimate_num_groups_on_segment(rollup->numGroups,
subpath->rows,
subpath->locus),
having_qual,
0.0, 0.0,
subpath->rows,
subpath->pathtarget->width);
if (!rollup->is_hashed)
is_first_sort = false;
}
else
{
/* Account for cost of sort, but don't charge input cost again */
cost_sort(&sort_path, root, NIL,
0.0,
subpath->rows,
subpath->pathtarget->width,
0.0,
work_mem,
-1.0);
/* Account for cost of aggregation */
cost_agg(&agg_path, root,
AGG_SORTED,
agg_costs,
numGroupCols,
estimate_num_groups_on_segment(rollup->numGroups,
subpath->rows,
subpath->locus),
having_qual,
sort_path.startup_cost,
sort_path.total_cost,
sort_path.rows,
subpath->pathtarget->width);
}
pathnode->path.total_cost += agg_path.total_cost;
pathnode->path.rows += agg_path.rows;
}
}
/* add tlist eval cost for each output row */
pathnode->path.startup_cost += target->cost.startup;
pathnode->path.total_cost += target->cost.startup +
target->cost.per_tuple * pathnode->path.rows;
/*
* If this is a one-stage aggregate, the caller should already have
* ensured that the data is distributed so that a one-stage aggregate
* works, and the distribution is preserved. But if this is the first
* stage of a multi-stage aggregate, if any distribution key columns
* are part of rollups, they will be set to NULLs for the rolled up
* rows. That breaks the distribution.
*/
if (CdbPathLocus_IsPartitioned(subpath->locus))
CdbPathLocus_MakeStrewn(&pathnode->path.locus,
CdbPathLocus_NumSegments(subpath->locus));
else
pathnode->path.locus = subpath->locus;
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_minmaxagg_path
* Creates a pathnode that represents computation of MIN/MAX aggregates
*
* 'rel' is the parent relation associated with the result
* 'target' is the PathTarget to be computed
* 'mmaggregates' is a list of MinMaxAggInfo structs
* 'quals' is the HAVING quals if any
*/
MinMaxAggPath *
create_minmaxagg_path(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *rel,
PathTarget *target,
List *mmaggregates,
List *quals)
{
MinMaxAggPath *pathnode = makeNode(MinMaxAggPath);
Cost initplan_cost;
ListCell *lc;
CdbLocusType locustype = CdbLocusType_Null;
int numsegments = -1;
/* The topmost generated Plan node will be a Result */
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_Result;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = target;
/* For now, assume we are above any joins, so no parameterization */
pathnode->path.param_info = NULL;
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
/* A MinMaxAggPath implies use of subplans, so cannot be parallel-safe */
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = 0;
/* Result is one unordered row */
pathnode->path.rows = 1;
pathnode->path.pathkeys = NIL;
pathnode->mmaggregates = mmaggregates;
pathnode->quals = quals;
/* Calculate cost of all the initplans ... */
initplan_cost = 0;
foreach(lc, mmaggregates)
{
MinMaxAggInfo *mminfo = (MinMaxAggInfo *) lfirst(lc);
initplan_cost += mminfo->pathcost;
/*
* All the subpaths should have SingleQE locus, if the underlying
* table is partitioned, build_minmax_path() ensures that. But
* double-check here.
*/
if (Gp_role == GP_ROLE_DISPATCH)
{
if (locustype == CdbLocusType_Null)
{
locustype = mminfo->path->locus.locustype;
numsegments = mminfo->path->locus.numsegments;
}
else if (CdbPathLocus_IsPartitioned(mminfo->path->locus))
{
elog(ERROR, "minmax path has unexpected path locus of type %d",
mminfo->path->locus.locustype);
}
else if (locustype != mminfo->path->locus.locustype)
{
elog(ERROR, "minmax paths have different loci");
}
}
}
if (mmaggregates == NIL)
{
locustype = CdbLocusType_General;
/* numsegments is useless for general locus, so should be -1 */
numsegments = -1;
}
/* we checked that all the child paths have compatible loci */
if (Gp_role == GP_ROLE_DISPATCH)
CdbPathLocus_MakeSimple(&pathnode->path.locus, locustype, numsegments);
else
CdbPathLocus_MakeEntry(&pathnode->path.locus);
/* add tlist eval cost for each output row, plus cpu_tuple_cost */
pathnode->path.startup_cost = initplan_cost + target->cost.startup;
pathnode->path.total_cost = initplan_cost + target->cost.startup +
target->cost.per_tuple + cpu_tuple_cost;
/*
* Add cost of qual, if any --- but we ignore its selectivity, since our
* rowcount estimate should be 1 no matter what the qual is.
*/
if (quals)
{
QualCost qual_cost;
cost_qual_eval(&qual_cost, quals, root);
pathnode->path.startup_cost += qual_cost.startup;
pathnode->path.total_cost += qual_cost.startup + qual_cost.per_tuple;
}
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_windowagg_path
* Creates a pathnode that represents computation of window functions
*
* 'rel' is the parent relation associated with the result
* 'subpath' is the path representing the source of data
* 'target' is the PathTarget to be computed
* 'windowFuncs' is a list of WindowFunc structs
* 'winclause' is a WindowClause that is common to all the WindowFuncs
*
* The input must be sorted according to the WindowClause's PARTITION keys
* plus ORDER BY keys.
*/
WindowAggPath *
create_windowagg_path(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *rel,
Path *subpath,
PathTarget *target,
List *windowFuncs,
WindowClause *winclause)
{
WindowAggPath *pathnode = makeNode(WindowAggPath);
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_WindowAgg;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = target;
/* For now, assume we are above any joins, so no parameterization */
pathnode->path.param_info = NULL;
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel &&
subpath->parallel_safe;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = subpath->parallel_workers;
/* WindowAgg preserves the input sort order */
pathnode->path.pathkeys = subpath->pathkeys;
pathnode->path.locus = subpath->locus;
pathnode->subpath = subpath;
pathnode->winclause = winclause;
/*
* For costing purposes, assume that there are no redundant partitioning
* or ordering columns; it's not worth the trouble to deal with that
* corner case here. So we just pass the unmodified list lengths to
* cost_windowagg.
*/
cost_windowagg(&pathnode->path, root,
windowFuncs,
list_length(winclause->partitionClause),
list_length(winclause->orderClause),
subpath->startup_cost,
subpath->total_cost,
subpath->rows);
/* add tlist eval cost for each output row */
pathnode->path.startup_cost += target->cost.startup;
pathnode->path.total_cost += target->cost.startup +
target->cost.per_tuple * pathnode->path.rows;
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_setop_path
* Creates a pathnode that represents computation of INTERSECT or EXCEPT
*
* 'rel' is the parent relation associated with the result
* 'subpath' is the path representing the source of data
* 'cmd' is the specific semantics (INTERSECT or EXCEPT, with/without ALL)
* 'strategy' is the implementation strategy (sorted or hashed)
* 'distinctList' is a list of SortGroupClause's representing the grouping
* 'flagColIdx' is the column number where the flag column will be, if any
* 'firstFlag' is the flag value for the first input relation when hashing;
* or -1 when sorting
* 'numGroups' is the estimated number of distinct groups
* 'outputRows' is the estimated number of output rows
*/
SetOpPath *
create_setop_path(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *rel,
Path *subpath,
SetOpCmd cmd,
SetOpStrategy strategy,
List *distinctList,
AttrNumber flagColIdx,
int firstFlag,
double numGroups,
double outputRows)
{
SetOpPath *pathnode = makeNode(SetOpPath);
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_SetOp;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
/* SetOp doesn't project, so use source path's pathtarget */
pathnode->path.pathtarget = subpath->pathtarget;
/* For now, assume we are above any joins, so no parameterization */
pathnode->path.param_info = NULL;
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel &&
subpath->parallel_safe;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = subpath->parallel_workers;
/* SetOp preserves the input sort order if in sort mode */
pathnode->path.pathkeys =
(strategy == SETOP_SORTED) ? subpath->pathkeys : NIL;
pathnode->path.locus = subpath->locus;
pathnode->subpath = subpath;
pathnode->cmd = cmd;
pathnode->strategy = strategy;
pathnode->distinctList = distinctList;
pathnode->flagColIdx = flagColIdx;
pathnode->firstFlag = firstFlag;
pathnode->numGroups = numGroups;
/*
* Charge one cpu_operator_cost per comparison per input tuple. We assume
* all columns get compared at most of the tuples.
*/
pathnode->path.startup_cost = subpath->startup_cost;
pathnode->path.total_cost = subpath->total_cost +
cpu_operator_cost * subpath->rows * list_length(distinctList);
pathnode->path.rows = outputRows;
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_recursiveunion_path
* Creates a pathnode that represents a recursive UNION node
*
* 'rel' is the parent relation associated with the result
* 'leftpath' is the source of data for the non-recursive term
* 'rightpath' is the source of data for the recursive term
* 'target' is the PathTarget to be computed
* 'distinctList' is a list of SortGroupClause's representing the grouping
* 'wtParam' is the ID of Param representing work table
* 'numGroups' is the estimated number of groups
*
* For recursive UNION ALL, distinctList is empty and numGroups is zero
*/
RecursiveUnionPath *
create_recursiveunion_path(PlannerInfo *root,
RelOptInfo *rel,
Path *leftpath,
Path *rightpath,
PathTarget *target,
List *distinctList,
int wtParam,
double numGroups)
{
RecursiveUnionPath *pathnode = makeNode(RecursiveUnionPath);
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_RecursiveUnion;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
pathnode->path.pathtarget = target;
/* For now, assume we are above any joins, so no parameterization */
pathnode->path.param_info = NULL;
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel &&
leftpath->parallel_safe && rightpath->parallel_safe;
/* Foolish, but we'll do it like joins for now: */
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = leftpath->parallel_workers;
/* RecursiveUnion result is always unsorted */
pathnode->path.pathkeys = NIL;
pathnode->leftpath = leftpath;
pathnode->rightpath = rightpath;
pathnode->distinctList = distinctList;
pathnode->wtParam = wtParam;
pathnode->numGroups = numGroups;
cost_recursive_union(&pathnode->path, leftpath, rightpath);
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_lockrows_path
* Creates a pathnode that represents acquiring row locks
*
* 'rel' is the parent relation associated with the result
* 'subpath' is the path representing the source of data
* 'rowMarks' is a list of PlanRowMark's
* 'epqParam' is the ID of Param for EvalPlanQual re-eval
*/
LockRowsPath *
create_lockrows_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
Path *subpath, List *rowMarks, int epqParam)
{
LockRowsPath *pathnode = makeNode(LockRowsPath);
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_LockRows;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
/* LockRows doesn't project, so use source path's pathtarget */
pathnode->path.pathtarget = subpath->pathtarget;
/* For now, assume we are above any joins, so no parameterization */
pathnode->path.param_info = NULL;
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = 0;
pathnode->path.rows = subpath->rows;
/*
* The result cannot be assumed sorted, since locking might cause the sort
* key columns to be replaced with new values.
*/
pathnode->path.pathkeys = NIL;
pathnode->path.locus = subpath->locus;
pathnode->subpath = subpath;
pathnode->rowMarks = rowMarks;
pathnode->epqParam = epqParam;
/*
* We should charge something extra for the costs of row locking and
* possible refetches, but it's hard to say how much. For now, use
* cpu_tuple_cost per row.
*/
pathnode->path.startup_cost = subpath->startup_cost;
pathnode->path.total_cost = subpath->total_cost +
cpu_tuple_cost * subpath->rows;
return pathnode;
}
/*
* create_modifytable_path
* Creates a pathnode that represents performing INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE mods
*
* 'rel' is the parent relation associated with the result
* 'operation' is the operation type
* 'canSetTag' is true if we set the command tag/es_processed
* 'nominalRelation' is the parent RT index for use of EXPLAIN
* 'rootRelation' is the partitioned table root RT index, or 0 if none
* 'partColsUpdated' is true if any partitioning columns are being updated,
* either from the target relation or a descendent partitioned table.
* 'resultRelations' is an integer list of actual RT indexes of target rel(s)
* 'subpaths' is a list of Path(s) producing source data (one per rel)
* 'subroots' is a list of PlannerInfo structs (one per rel)
* 'withCheckOptionLists' is a list of WCO lists (one per rel)
* 'returningLists' is a list of RETURNING tlists (one per rel)
* 'rowMarks' is a list of PlanRowMarks (non-locking only)
* 'onconflict' is the ON CONFLICT clause, or NULL
* 'epqParam' is the ID of Param for EvalPlanQual re-eval
*/
ModifyTablePath *
create_modifytable_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
CmdType operation, bool canSetTag,
Index nominalRelation, Index rootRelation,
bool partColsUpdated,
List *resultRelations, List *subpaths,
List *subroots,
List *withCheckOptionLists, List *returningLists,
List *is_split_updates,
List *rowMarks, OnConflictExpr *onconflict,
int epqParam)
{
ModifyTablePath *pathnode = makeNode(ModifyTablePath);
double total_size;
ListCell *lc;
Assert(list_length(resultRelations) == list_length(subpaths));
Assert(list_length(resultRelations) == list_length(subroots));
Assert(withCheckOptionLists == NIL ||
list_length(resultRelations) == list_length(withCheckOptionLists));
Assert(returningLists == NIL ||
list_length(resultRelations) == list_length(returningLists));
Assert(list_length(resultRelations) == list_length(is_split_updates));
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_ModifyTable;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
/* pathtarget is not interesting, just make it minimally valid */
pathnode->path.pathtarget = rel->reltarget;
/* For now, assume we are above any joins, so no parameterization */
pathnode->path.param_info = NULL;
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = 0;
pathnode->path.pathkeys = NIL;
/*
* Put Motions on top of the subpaths as needed, and set the locus of the
* ModifyTable path itself.
*/
if (Gp_role == GP_ROLE_DISPATCH)
pathnode->path.locus =
adjust_modifytable_subpaths(root, operation,
resultRelations, subpaths,
is_split_updates);
else
{
/* don't allow split updates in utility mode. */
if (Gp_role == GP_ROLE_UTILITY && operation == CMD_UPDATE &&
list_member_int(is_split_updates, (int) true))
{
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("cannot update distribution key columns in utility mode")));
}
CdbPathLocus_MakeEntry(&pathnode->path.locus);
}
/*
* Compute cost & rowcount as sum of subpath costs & rowcounts.
*
* Currently, we don't charge anything extra for the actual table
* modification work, nor for the WITH CHECK OPTIONS or RETURNING
* expressions if any. It would only be window dressing, since
* ModifyTable is always a top-level node and there is no way for the
* costs to change any higher-level planning choices. But we might want
* to make it look better sometime.
*/
pathnode->path.startup_cost = 0;
pathnode->path.total_cost = 0;
pathnode->path.rows = 0;
total_size = 0;
foreach(lc, subpaths)
{
Path *subpath = (Path *) lfirst(lc);
if (lc == list_head(subpaths)) /* first node? */
pathnode->path.startup_cost = subpath->startup_cost;
pathnode->path.total_cost += subpath->total_cost;
pathnode->path.rows += subpath->rows;
total_size += subpath->pathtarget->width * subpath->rows;
}
/*
* Set width to the average width of the subpath outputs. XXX this is
* totally wrong: we should report zero if no RETURNING, else an average
* of the RETURNING tlist widths. But it's what happened historically,
* and improving it is a task for another day.
*/
if (pathnode->path.rows > 0)
total_size /= pathnode->path.rows;
pathnode->path.pathtarget->width = rint(total_size);
pathnode->operation = operation;
pathnode->canSetTag = canSetTag;
pathnode->nominalRelation = nominalRelation;
pathnode->rootRelation = rootRelation;
pathnode->partColsUpdated = partColsUpdated;
pathnode->resultRelations = resultRelations;
pathnode->is_split_updates = is_split_updates;
pathnode->subpaths = subpaths;
pathnode->subroots = subroots;
pathnode->withCheckOptionLists = withCheckOptionLists;
pathnode->returningLists = returningLists;
pathnode->rowMarks = rowMarks;
pathnode->onconflict = onconflict;
pathnode->epqParam = epqParam;
return pathnode;
}
/*
* Add Motions to children of a ModifyTable path, so that data
* is modified on the correct segments.
*
* The input to a ModifyTable node must be distributed according to the
* DISTRIBUTED BY of the target table. Add Motion paths to the child
* plans for that. Returns a locus to represent the distribution of the
* ModifyTable node itself.
*/
static CdbPathLocus
adjust_modifytable_subpaths(PlannerInfo *root, CmdType operation,
List *resultRelations, List *subpaths,
List *is_split_updates)
{
/*
* The input plans must be distributed correctly.
*/
ListCell *lcr,
*lcp,
*lci = NULL;
bool all_subplans_entry = true,
all_subplans_replicated = true;
int numsegments = -1;
if (operation == CMD_UPDATE)
lci = list_head(is_split_updates);
forboth(lcr, resultRelations, lcp, subpaths)
{
int rti = lfirst_int(lcr);
Path *subpath = (Path *) lfirst(lcp);
RangeTblEntry *rte = rt_fetch(rti, root->parse->rtable);
GpPolicy *targetPolicy;
GpPolicyType targetPolicyType;
Assert(rte->rtekind == RTE_RELATION);
targetPolicy = GpPolicyFetch(rte->relid);
targetPolicyType = targetPolicy->ptype;
numsegments = Max(targetPolicy->numsegments, numsegments);
if (targetPolicyType == POLICYTYPE_PARTITIONED)
{
all_subplans_entry = false;
all_subplans_replicated = false;
}
else if (targetPolicyType == POLICYTYPE_ENTRY)
{
/* Master-only table */
all_subplans_replicated = false;
}
else if (targetPolicyType == POLICYTYPE_REPLICATED)
{
all_subplans_entry = false;
}
else
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized policy type %u", targetPolicyType);
if (operation == CMD_INSERT)
{
subpath = create_motion_path_for_insert(root, targetPolicy, subpath);
}
else if (operation == CMD_DELETE)
{
subpath = create_motion_path_for_upddel(root, rti, targetPolicy, subpath);
}
else if (operation == CMD_UPDATE)
{
bool is_split_update;
is_split_update = (bool) lfirst_int(lci);
if (is_split_update)
subpath = create_split_update_path(root, rti, targetPolicy, subpath);
else
subpath = create_motion_path_for_upddel(root, rti, targetPolicy, subpath);
lci = lnext(lci);
}
lfirst(lcp) = subpath;
}
/*
* Set the distribution of the ModifyTable node itself. If there is only
* one subplan, or all the subplans have a compatible distribution, then
* we could mark the ModifyTable with the same distribution key. However,
* currently, because a ModifyTable node can only be at the top of the
* plan, it won't make any difference to the overall plan.
*
* GPDB_96_MERGE_FIXME: it might with e.g. a INSERT RETURNING in a CTE
* I tried here, the locus setting is quite simple, but failed if it's not
* in a CTE and the locus is General. Haven't figured out how to create
* flow in that case.
* Example:
* CREATE TABLE cte_returning_locus(c1 int) DISTRIBUTED BY (c1);
* COPY cte_returning_locus FROM PROGRAM 'seq 1 100';
* EXPLAIN WITH aa AS (
* INSERT INTO cte_returning_locus SELECT generate_series(3,300) RETURNING c1
* )
* SELECT count(*) FROM aa,cte_returning_locus WHERE aa.c1 = cte_returning_locus.c1;
*
* The returning doesn't need a motion to be hash joined, works fine. But
* without the WITH, what is the proper flow? FLOW_SINGLETON returns
* nothing, FLOW_PARTITIONED without hashExprs(General locus has no
* distkeys) returns duplication.
*
* GPDB_90_MERGE_FIXME: I've hacked a basic implementation of the above for
* the case where all the subplans are POLICYTYPE_ENTRY, but it seems like
* there should be a more general way to do this.
*/
if (all_subplans_entry)
{
CdbPathLocus resultLocus;
CdbPathLocus_MakeEntry(&resultLocus);
return resultLocus;
}
else if (all_subplans_replicated)
{
CdbPathLocus resultLocus;
Assert(numsegments >= 0);
CdbPathLocus_MakeReplicated(&resultLocus, numsegments);
return resultLocus;
}
else
{
CdbPathLocus resultLocus;
Assert(numsegments >= 0);
CdbPathLocus_MakeStrewn(&resultLocus, numsegments);
return resultLocus;
}
}
/*
* create_limit_path
* Creates a pathnode that represents performing LIMIT/OFFSET
*
* In addition to providing the actual OFFSET and LIMIT expressions,
* the caller must provide estimates of their values for costing purposes.
* The estimates are as computed by preprocess_limit(), ie, 0 represents
* the clause not being present, and -1 means it's present but we could
* not estimate its value.
*
* 'rel' is the parent relation associated with the result
* 'subpath' is the path representing the source of data
* 'limitOffset' is the actual OFFSET expression, or NULL
* 'limitCount' is the actual LIMIT expression, or NULL
* 'offset_est' is the estimated value of the OFFSET expression
* 'count_est' is the estimated value of the LIMIT expression
*
* Greenplum specific change: the return type is changed to Path
* because at the end of function, we need to check if it is
* segment general locus and may create other kind of path.
*/
Path *
create_limit_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
Path *subpath,
Node *limitOffset, Node *limitCount,
int64 offset_est, int64 count_est)
{
LimitPath *pathnode = makeNode(LimitPath);
pathnode->path.pathtype = T_Limit;
pathnode->path.parent = rel;
/* Limit doesn't project, so use source path's pathtarget */
pathnode->path.pathtarget = subpath->pathtarget;
/* For now, assume we are above any joins, so no parameterization */
pathnode->path.param_info = NULL;
pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel &&
subpath->parallel_safe;
pathnode->path.parallel_workers = subpath->parallel_workers;
pathnode->path.rows = subpath->rows;
pathnode->path.startup_cost = subpath->startup_cost;
pathnode->path.total_cost = subpath->total_cost;
pathnode->path.pathkeys = subpath->pathkeys;
pathnode->path.locus = subpath->locus;
pathnode->subpath = subpath;
pathnode->limitOffset = limitOffset;
pathnode->limitCount = limitCount;
/*
* Adjust the output rows count and costs according to the offset/limit.
*/
adjust_limit_rows_costs(&pathnode->path.rows,
&pathnode->path.startup_cost,
&pathnode->path.total_cost,
offset_est, count_est);
/*
* Greenplum specific behavior:
* If the limit path's locus is general or segmentgeneral
* we have to make it singleQE.
*/
if (contain_volatile_functions(pathnode->limitOffset) || contain_volatile_functions(pathnode->limitCount))
return turn_volatile_seggen_to_singleqe(root, (Path *) pathnode, NULL);
else
return (Path *)pathnode;
}
/*
* adjust_limit_rows_costs
* Adjust the size and cost estimates for a LimitPath node according to the
* offset/limit.
*
* This is only a cosmetic issue if we are at top level, but if we are
* building a subquery then it's important to report correct info to the outer
* planner.
*
* When the offset or count couldn't be estimated, use 10% of the estimated
* number of rows emitted from the subpath.
*
* XXX we don't bother to add eval costs of the offset/limit expressions
* themselves to the path costs. In theory we should, but in most cases those
* expressions are trivial and it's just not worth the trouble.
*/
void
adjust_limit_rows_costs(double *rows, /* in/out parameter */
Cost *startup_cost, /* in/out parameter */
Cost *total_cost, /* in/out parameter */
int64 offset_est,
int64 count_est)
{
double input_rows = *rows;
Cost input_startup_cost = *startup_cost;
Cost input_total_cost = *total_cost;
if (offset_est != 0)
{
double offset_rows;
if (offset_est > 0)
offset_rows = (double) offset_est;
else
offset_rows = clamp_row_est(input_rows * 0.10);
if (offset_rows > *rows)
offset_rows = *rows;
if (input_rows > 0)
*startup_cost +=
(input_total_cost - input_startup_cost)
* offset_rows / input_rows;
*rows -= offset_rows;
if (*rows < 1)
*rows = 1;
}
if (count_est != 0)
{
double count_rows;
if (count_est > 0)
count_rows = (double) count_est;
else
count_rows = clamp_row_est(input_rows * 0.10);
if (count_rows > *rows)
count_rows = *rows;
if (input_rows > 0)
*total_cost = *startup_cost +
(input_total_cost - input_startup_cost)
* count_rows / input_rows;
*rows = count_rows;
if (*rows < 1)
*rows = 1;
}
}
/*
* reparameterize_path
* Attempt to modify a Path to have greater parameterization
*
* We use this to attempt to bring all child paths of an appendrel to the
* same parameterization level, ensuring that they all enforce the same set
* of join quals (and thus that that parameterization can be attributed to
* an append path built from such paths). Currently, only a few path types
* are supported here, though more could be added at need. We return NULL
* if we can't reparameterize the given path.
*
* Note: we intentionally do not pass created paths to add_path(); it would
* possibly try to delete them on the grounds of being cost-inferior to the
* paths they were made from, and we don't want that. Paths made here are
* not necessarily of general-purpose usefulness, but they can be useful
* as members of an append path.
*/
Path *
reparameterize_path(PlannerInfo *root, Path *path,
Relids required_outer,
double loop_count)
{
RelOptInfo *rel = path->parent;
/* Can only increase, not decrease, path's parameterization */
if (!bms_is_subset(PATH_REQ_OUTER(path), required_outer))
return NULL;
switch (path->pathtype)
{
case T_SeqScan:
return create_seqscan_path(root, rel, required_outer, 0);
case T_SampleScan:
return (Path *) create_samplescan_path(root, rel, required_outer);
case T_IndexScan:
case T_IndexOnlyScan:
{
IndexPath *ipath = (IndexPath *) path;
IndexPath *newpath = makeNode(IndexPath);
/*
* We can't use create_index_path directly, and would not want
* to because it would re-compute the indexqual conditions
* which is wasted effort. Instead we hack things a bit:
* flat-copy the path node, revise its param_info, and redo
* the cost estimate.
*/
memcpy(newpath, ipath, sizeof(IndexPath));
newpath->path.param_info =
get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel, required_outer);
cost_index(newpath, root, loop_count, false);
return (Path *) newpath;
}
case T_BitmapHeapScan:
{
BitmapHeapPath *bpath = (BitmapHeapPath *) path;
return (Path *) create_bitmap_heap_path(root,
rel,
bpath->bitmapqual,
required_outer,
loop_count, 0);
}
case T_SubqueryScan:
{
SubqueryScanPath *spath = (SubqueryScanPath *) path;
return (Path *) create_subqueryscan_path(root,
rel,
spath->subpath,
spath->path.pathkeys,
spath->path.locus,
required_outer);
}
case T_Result:
/* Supported only for RTE_RESULT scan paths */
if (IsA(path, Path))
return create_resultscan_path(root, rel, required_outer);
break;
case T_Append:
{
AppendPath *apath = (AppendPath *) path;
List *childpaths = NIL;
List *partialpaths = NIL;
int i;
ListCell *lc;
/* Reparameterize the children */
i = 0;
foreach(lc, apath->subpaths)
{
Path *spath = (Path *) lfirst(lc);
spath = reparameterize_path(root, spath,
required_outer,
loop_count);
if (spath == NULL)
return NULL;
/* We have to re-split the regular and partial paths */
if (i < apath->first_partial_path)
childpaths = lappend(childpaths, spath);
else
partialpaths = lappend(partialpaths, spath);
i++;
}
return (Path *)
create_append_path(root, rel, childpaths, partialpaths,
apath->path.pathkeys, required_outer,
apath->path.parallel_workers,
apath->path.parallel_aware,
apath->partitioned_rels,
-1);
}
default:
break;
}
return NULL;
}
/*
* reparameterize_path_by_child
* Given a path parameterized by the parent of the given child relation,
* translate the path to be parameterized by the given child relation.
*
* The function creates a new path of the same type as the given path, but
* parameterized by the given child relation. Most fields from the original
* path can simply be flat-copied, but any expressions must be adjusted to
* refer to the correct varnos, and any paths must be recursively
* reparameterized. Other fields that refer to specific relids also need
* adjustment.
*
* The cost, number of rows, width and parallel path properties depend upon
* path->parent, which does not change during the translation. Hence those
* members are copied as they are.
*
* If the given path can not be reparameterized, the function returns NULL.
*/
Path *
reparameterize_path_by_child(PlannerInfo *root, Path *path,
RelOptInfo *child_rel)
{
#define FLAT_COPY_PATH(newnode, node, nodetype) \
( (newnode) = makeNode(nodetype), \
memcpy((newnode), (node), sizeof(nodetype)) )
#define ADJUST_CHILD_ATTRS(node) \
((node) = \
(List *) adjust_appendrel_attrs_multilevel(root, (Node *) (node), \
child_rel->relids, \
child_rel->top_parent_relids))
#define REPARAMETERIZE_CHILD_PATH(path) \
do { \
(path) = reparameterize_path_by_child(root, (path), child_rel); \
if ((path) == NULL) \
return NULL; \
} while(0);
#define REPARAMETERIZE_CHILD_PATH_LIST(pathlist) \
do { \
if ((pathlist) != NIL) \
{ \
(pathlist) = reparameterize_pathlist_by_child(root, (pathlist), \
child_rel); \
if ((pathlist) == NIL) \
return NULL; \
} \
} while(0);
Path *new_path;
ParamPathInfo *new_ppi;
ParamPathInfo *old_ppi;
Relids required_outer;
/*
* If the path is not parameterized by parent of the given relation, it
* doesn't need reparameterization.
*/
if (!path->param_info ||
!bms_overlap(PATH_REQ_OUTER(path), child_rel->top_parent_relids))
return path;
/* Reparameterize a copy of given path. */
switch (nodeTag(path))
{
case T_Path:
FLAT_COPY_PATH(new_path, path, Path);
break;
case T_IndexPath:
{
IndexPath *ipath;
FLAT_COPY_PATH(ipath, path, IndexPath);
ADJUST_CHILD_ATTRS(ipath->indexclauses);
new_path = (Path *) ipath;
}
break;
case T_BitmapHeapPath:
{
BitmapHeapPath *bhpath;
FLAT_COPY_PATH(bhpath, path, BitmapHeapPath);
REPARAMETERIZE_CHILD_PATH(bhpath->bitmapqual);
new_path = (Path *) bhpath;
}
break;
case T_BitmapAndPath:
{
BitmapAndPath *bapath;
FLAT_COPY_PATH(bapath, path, BitmapAndPath);
REPARAMETERIZE_CHILD_PATH_LIST(bapath->bitmapquals);
new_path = (Path *) bapath;
}
break;
case T_BitmapOrPath:
{
BitmapOrPath *bopath;
FLAT_COPY_PATH(bopath, path, BitmapOrPath);
REPARAMETERIZE_CHILD_PATH_LIST(bopath->bitmapquals);
new_path = (Path *) bopath;
}
break;
case T_TidPath:
{
TidPath *tpath;
FLAT_COPY_PATH(tpath, path, TidPath);
ADJUST_CHILD_ATTRS(tpath->tidquals);
new_path = (Path *) tpath;
}
break;
case T_ForeignPath:
{
ForeignPath *fpath;
ReparameterizeForeignPathByChild_function rfpc_func;
FLAT_COPY_PATH(fpath, path, ForeignPath);
if (fpath->fdw_outerpath)
REPARAMETERIZE_CHILD_PATH(fpath->fdw_outerpath);
/* Hand over to FDW if needed. */
rfpc_func =
path->parent->fdwroutine->ReparameterizeForeignPathByChild;
if (rfpc_func)
fpath->fdw_private = rfpc_func(root, fpath->fdw_private,
child_rel);
new_path = (Path *) fpath;
}
break;
case T_CustomPath:
{
CustomPath *cpath;
FLAT_COPY_PATH(cpath, path, CustomPath);
REPARAMETERIZE_CHILD_PATH_LIST(cpath->custom_paths);
if (cpath->methods &&
cpath->methods->ReparameterizeCustomPathByChild)
cpath->custom_private =
cpath->methods->ReparameterizeCustomPathByChild(root,
cpath->custom_private,
child_rel);
new_path = (Path *) cpath;
}
break;
case T_NestPath:
{
JoinPath *jpath;
FLAT_COPY_PATH(jpath, path, NestPath);
REPARAMETERIZE_CHILD_PATH(jpath->outerjoinpath);
REPARAMETERIZE_CHILD_PATH(jpath->innerjoinpath);
ADJUST_CHILD_ATTRS(jpath->joinrestrictinfo);
new_path = (Path *) jpath;
}
break;
case T_MergePath:
{
JoinPath *jpath;
MergePath *mpath;
FLAT_COPY_PATH(mpath, path, MergePath);
jpath = (JoinPath *) mpath;
REPARAMETERIZE_CHILD_PATH(jpath->outerjoinpath);
REPARAMETERIZE_CHILD_PATH(jpath->innerjoinpath);
ADJUST_CHILD_ATTRS(jpath->joinrestrictinfo);
ADJUST_CHILD_ATTRS(mpath->path_mergeclauses);
new_path = (Path *) mpath;
}
break;
case T_HashPath:
{
JoinPath *jpath;
HashPath *hpath;
FLAT_COPY_PATH(hpath, path, HashPath);
jpath = (JoinPath *) hpath;
REPARAMETERIZE_CHILD_PATH(jpath->outerjoinpath);
REPARAMETERIZE_CHILD_PATH(jpath->innerjoinpath);
ADJUST_CHILD_ATTRS(jpath->joinrestrictinfo);
ADJUST_CHILD_ATTRS(hpath->path_hashclauses);
new_path = (Path *) hpath;
}
break;
case T_AppendPath:
{
AppendPath *apath;
FLAT_COPY_PATH(apath, path, AppendPath);
REPARAMETERIZE_CHILD_PATH_LIST(apath->subpaths);
new_path = (Path *) apath;
}
break;
case T_MergeAppendPath:
{
MergeAppendPath *mapath;
FLAT_COPY_PATH(mapath, path, MergeAppendPath);
REPARAMETERIZE_CHILD_PATH_LIST(mapath->subpaths);
new_path = (Path *) mapath;
}
break;
case T_MaterialPath:
{
MaterialPath *mpath;
FLAT_COPY_PATH(mpath, path, MaterialPath);
REPARAMETERIZE_CHILD_PATH(mpath->subpath);
new_path = (Path *) mpath;
}
break;
case T_UniquePath:
{
UniquePath *upath;
FLAT_COPY_PATH(upath, path, UniquePath);
REPARAMETERIZE_CHILD_PATH(upath->subpath);
ADJUST_CHILD_ATTRS(upath->uniq_exprs);
new_path = (Path *) upath;
}
break;
case T_GatherPath:
{
GatherPath *gpath;
FLAT_COPY_PATH(gpath, path, GatherPath);
REPARAMETERIZE_CHILD_PATH(gpath->subpath);
new_path = (Path *) gpath;
}
break;
case T_GatherMergePath:
{
GatherMergePath *gmpath;
FLAT_COPY_PATH(gmpath, path, GatherMergePath);
REPARAMETERIZE_CHILD_PATH(gmpath->subpath);
new_path = (Path *) gmpath;
}
break;
default:
/* We don't know how to reparameterize this path. */
return NULL;
}
/*
* Adjust the parameterization information, which refers to the topmost
* parent. The topmost parent can be multiple levels away from the given
* child, hence use multi-level expression adjustment routines.
*/
old_ppi = new_path->param_info;
required_outer =
adjust_child_relids_multilevel(root, old_ppi->ppi_req_outer,
child_rel->relids,
child_rel->top_parent_relids);
/* If we already have a PPI for this parameterization, just return it */
new_ppi = find_param_path_info(new_path->parent, required_outer);
/*
* If not, build a new one and link it to the list of PPIs. For the same
* reason as explained in mark_dummy_rel(), allocate new PPI in the same
* context the given RelOptInfo is in.
*/
if (new_ppi == NULL)
{
MemoryContext oldcontext;
RelOptInfo *rel = path->parent;
oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(GetMemoryChunkContext(rel));
new_ppi = makeNode(ParamPathInfo);
new_ppi->ppi_req_outer = bms_copy(required_outer);
new_ppi->ppi_rows = old_ppi->ppi_rows;
new_ppi->ppi_clauses = old_ppi->ppi_clauses;
ADJUST_CHILD_ATTRS(new_ppi->ppi_clauses);
rel->ppilist = lappend(rel->ppilist, new_ppi);
MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
}
bms_free(required_outer);
new_path->param_info = new_ppi;
/*
* Adjust the path target if the parent of the outer relation is
* referenced in the targetlist. This can happen when only the parent of
* outer relation is laterally referenced in this relation.
*/
if (bms_overlap(path->parent->lateral_relids,
child_rel->top_parent_relids))
{
new_path->pathtarget = copy_pathtarget(new_path->pathtarget);
ADJUST_CHILD_ATTRS(new_path->pathtarget->exprs);
}
return new_path;
}
/*
* reparameterize_pathlist_by_child
* Helper function to reparameterize a list of paths by given child rel.
*/
static List *
reparameterize_pathlist_by_child(PlannerInfo *root,
List *pathlist,
RelOptInfo *child_rel)
{
ListCell *lc;
List *result = NIL;
foreach(lc, pathlist)
{
Path *path = reparameterize_path_by_child(root, lfirst(lc),
child_rel);
if (path == NULL)
{
list_free(result);
return NIL;
}
result = lappend(result, path);
}
return result;
}
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